ECPI- BIO 111 - CH2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Matter - ANSWER-Anything that takes up space and has mass ______ is composed of
elements . Solids , liquids , and gases are matter .
Mass - ANSWER-Amount of matter present
Weight - ANSWER-Heaviness due to gravitational pull on mass. (On earth)
Chemistry - ANSWER-Studies composition , properties , interaction of matter
Biochemistry - ANSWER-Biological chemistry , which studies physiological process and
disease
Elements - ANSWER-Simplest types of matter with certain chemical properties . There
are 92 naturally occurring ___________ .
Compounds - ANSWER-Chemical combinations of different elements
Atoms - ANSWER-Smallest particles of an element that have properties of that element
Atoms - ANSWER-Composed of subatomic particles
Protons - ANSWER-( equals the atomic numbers ) Large particles ; carry a single
positive charge ( + ) Found in the nucleus .
Neutrons - ANSWER-Large particles ; carry no electrical charge / neutral charge
Electrons - ANSWER-Small particles ; carry a single negative charge ... found in the
orbital region / shell around the nucleus
Octet rule - ANSWER-(2-8-8)
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a specific
element
Mass Number - ANSWER-The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one
atom, Electrons contribute very little to the _____ of the atom because they are so light .
Molecule - ANSWER-Particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combine
, Compound - ANSWER-Particle formed when two or more atoms of different elements
chemically combine
Molecular formulas - ANSWER-Depict the elements present and the number of each
atom present in the molecule
ALL COMPOUNDS ARE MOLECULES , BUT NOT ALL MOLECULES ARE
COMPOUNDS - ANSWER-ALL _____ ARE _____ , BUT NOT ALL _____ ARE _____
Chemical bonds - ANSWER-Form when atoms combine with other atoms . They result
from interactions between the electrons of the atoms .
Electron Shells - ANSWER-The first shell can hold up to 2 electrons . The second shell
can hold up to 8 electrons . The third shell can hold up to 8 electrons .
Valence - ANSWER-The outermost energy shell of an atom, electrons involved
determine if atom will react with other atoms to form chemical bonds
Ion - ANSWER-An electrically charged atom or molecule that gains or loses electrons to
become stable / to satisfy the octet rule
Cation - ANSWER-A positively charged ion , formed when an atom loses electrons
Anion - ANSWER-A negatively charged ion , formed when an atom gains electrons
lonic Bonds - ANSWER-2nd strongest bond that occurs between ions after the complete
transfer of electrons from a donor to a recipient .... + attracts - e.g. , Sodium Chloride
Covalent Bonds - ANSWER-Strongest chemical bonds , formed between atoms that
share pairs of electrons
Nonpolar covalent bonds - ANSWER-Covalent bonds in which electrons are shared
equally Found between atoms with same electronegativity
Polar covalent bonds - ANSWER-Covalent bonds in which electrons are not shared
equally Found between atoms with different electronegativity. (E.g., Water)
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-Relatively weak attraction of slightly positive ( H ) end of
one polar molecule to slightly negative ( N or O ) end of a nearby polar molecule,
Important for protein and nucleic acid structure ( e.g. , DNA Structure )
Chemical reactions - ANSWER-occur when chemical bonds form or break between
atoms , ions , or molecules .
Reactants - ANSWER-are the starting materials of a chemical reaction : the atoms ,
ions , or molecules .
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Matter - ANSWER-Anything that takes up space and has mass ______ is composed of
elements . Solids , liquids , and gases are matter .
Mass - ANSWER-Amount of matter present
Weight - ANSWER-Heaviness due to gravitational pull on mass. (On earth)
Chemistry - ANSWER-Studies composition , properties , interaction of matter
Biochemistry - ANSWER-Biological chemistry , which studies physiological process and
disease
Elements - ANSWER-Simplest types of matter with certain chemical properties . There
are 92 naturally occurring ___________ .
Compounds - ANSWER-Chemical combinations of different elements
Atoms - ANSWER-Smallest particles of an element that have properties of that element
Atoms - ANSWER-Composed of subatomic particles
Protons - ANSWER-( equals the atomic numbers ) Large particles ; carry a single
positive charge ( + ) Found in the nucleus .
Neutrons - ANSWER-Large particles ; carry no electrical charge / neutral charge
Electrons - ANSWER-Small particles ; carry a single negative charge ... found in the
orbital region / shell around the nucleus
Octet rule - ANSWER-(2-8-8)
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a specific
element
Mass Number - ANSWER-The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one
atom, Electrons contribute very little to the _____ of the atom because they are so light .
Molecule - ANSWER-Particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combine
, Compound - ANSWER-Particle formed when two or more atoms of different elements
chemically combine
Molecular formulas - ANSWER-Depict the elements present and the number of each
atom present in the molecule
ALL COMPOUNDS ARE MOLECULES , BUT NOT ALL MOLECULES ARE
COMPOUNDS - ANSWER-ALL _____ ARE _____ , BUT NOT ALL _____ ARE _____
Chemical bonds - ANSWER-Form when atoms combine with other atoms . They result
from interactions between the electrons of the atoms .
Electron Shells - ANSWER-The first shell can hold up to 2 electrons . The second shell
can hold up to 8 electrons . The third shell can hold up to 8 electrons .
Valence - ANSWER-The outermost energy shell of an atom, electrons involved
determine if atom will react with other atoms to form chemical bonds
Ion - ANSWER-An electrically charged atom or molecule that gains or loses electrons to
become stable / to satisfy the octet rule
Cation - ANSWER-A positively charged ion , formed when an atom loses electrons
Anion - ANSWER-A negatively charged ion , formed when an atom gains electrons
lonic Bonds - ANSWER-2nd strongest bond that occurs between ions after the complete
transfer of electrons from a donor to a recipient .... + attracts - e.g. , Sodium Chloride
Covalent Bonds - ANSWER-Strongest chemical bonds , formed between atoms that
share pairs of electrons
Nonpolar covalent bonds - ANSWER-Covalent bonds in which electrons are shared
equally Found between atoms with same electronegativity
Polar covalent bonds - ANSWER-Covalent bonds in which electrons are not shared
equally Found between atoms with different electronegativity. (E.g., Water)
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-Relatively weak attraction of slightly positive ( H ) end of
one polar molecule to slightly negative ( N or O ) end of a nearby polar molecule,
Important for protein and nucleic acid structure ( e.g. , DNA Structure )
Chemical reactions - ANSWER-occur when chemical bonds form or break between
atoms , ions , or molecules .
Reactants - ANSWER-are the starting materials of a chemical reaction : the atoms ,
ions , or molecules .
