Biology Eoc Review Exam Questions And Answers

BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW activation energy - Answer-energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes active transport - Answer-movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell adaptation - Answer-inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival allele - Answer-the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive amino acid - Answer-basic building blocks of proteins analogous structures - Answer-structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function anaphase - Answer-the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles antibiotic - Answer-compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria antibody - Answer-a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body antigen - Answer-substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody archaea - Answer-domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan ATP - Answer-a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells autotroph - Answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer bacteria - Answer-domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans bacteriophage - Answer-virus that infects bacteria base deletion - Answer-mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein base insertion - Answer-mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein base-pair substitution - Answer-a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides behavioral adaptation - Answer-an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a mate binary fission - Answer-asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells fetus - Answer-an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal fever - Answer-a rise in the temperature of the body fitness - Answer-the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment food chain - Answer-a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten food web - Answer-a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem fossil - Answer-the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil gamete - Answer-egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair gene - Answer-sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait binomial nomenclature - Answer-Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species biodiversity - Answer-the variety of different species in a given area biogeochemical cycle - Answer-process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle biomass - Answer-the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level capsid - Answer-the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus carbohydrate - Answer-organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen carbon cycle - Answer-the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again carnivore - Answer-a consumer that only eats other consumers catalyst - Answer-substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; like an enzyme cell - Answer-basic unit of life