CWB 2 VISUAL WELD INSPECTOR EXAM
n n n n n
Anconsumablenelectrodenis:n-
nANSWER nnAN nelectrode nwhich nmeltsnandnprovidesnmetal ntonfill nthenjoint
Thenweldnheatnaffectednzonenis:n-
nANSWER nnthenportion nofnthenbasenmetal nadjacentntonthenweldnmetal nwhose npropertiesn
havenbeen nchangednduentonthenheatnof nwelding
When nan narcnisnformednbetween ntwonelectrodesn-
nANSWER nnelectricitynflowsnfromnnegative ncathodentonpositive nanode
Thenmagneticnpinchnforcenhelpsninnthenprocessnofnthendetachingnthenmoltennmetalndrops
nfromnthenelectrode ntip.nThenmagneticnforcen-
nANSWER nnincreasesnasnthensquare nofnthencurrentncausing nsmallernandnsmallerndroplet
sntonbendetached
Thenelectricncurrentnfornweldingnmustnbentransformednfromn-
nANSWER nnHigh nvoltage,nlow namperage ntonlow nvoltage,nhigh namperage
Thenmajornadvantagenof nelectron nbeamnweldingnprocessnisn-
nANSWER nnfull npenetration nweldsnon nthicknmaterial nin nonenpass
Thenprogressnof nweldingnwith nElectroslagnweldingnprocessnisn-nANSWER nnVertical nup
Explosion nweldingn-
nANSWER nnisnsolidnstatenprocessninnwhichncoalescence nisnproduced nthrough nhigh nspee
dnimpactingnof ntwonornmorenmaterialsnbyncontrolledndetonation
Antypical napplication nfornthermitenweldingnisn-nANSWER nnjoiningnof nrails
Weldingnwithoutnfillernmetalnwith nGTAWnprocessnisnreferredntonasn-
nANSWER nnautogenousnwelding
Antypical nweldnflaw nassociatednwith nGTAWnprocessnisn-nANSWER nnporosity
SMAWnpowernsourcesntypicallynhavenanvolt-amperencurventhatnisn-nANSWERnndrooping
Oncenanboxnof nE49XXnlow nhydrogennelectrodesnhasnbeennopenednthenelectrodesnmaynr
emain natnambientntemperaturenfornupntonanmaximumnof n-nANSWER nn4nhours
ShieldednMetal nARC nWeldingn(SMAW)nprocessn-
nANSWER nnestablishesnannarcnbetween nthenendnof nancoverednelectrode nandnthenworknpi
ece.
Thenspraynmodenof nmetalntransfernisnachievednwith n-
nANSWER nnhigh namperage,nhigh nvoltage nandnargon-rich nshielding ngas
,digital nwirenfeedersn-
nANSWER nnhavenfeedbacknsystemsntonmaintain nthenpresetnwirenfeednspeed
wirendesignatednbynCSAnstandardnW48nasnan nE491T-9MJ-H8n-
nANSWER nnResultsninnweldndepositnwithnanmaximumnof n8nml ndiffusible nhydrogen npern10
0ngnof nweldnmetal
Self nshieldnfluxncorednwiresnaren-nANSWER nnbetternablentontoleratenairncurrents
ThenAWSnclassesnmetalncorednwirenalongnwith n-nANSWER nnsolidnwires
SAWnFluxesnthatnsignificantlyninfluencenthencompositionnofnthenweldnmetalnthroughnslag
/metalnreactionsnarencalledn-nANSWER nnactive
Resistancenweldingnof naluminumn-
nANSWER nnCan nbendone nbutnwith ngreaterndifficultynduentonitsnlow nresistivity
Thenplasmanarcnweldingnprocessnisnsimilarntonwhatnothernweldingnprocessninnprinciplesn
of noperation n-nANSWER nnGTAW
Fornanflatnweldnprofilenandngoodnpenetration nprofilenusingnthenMCAWnprocessn-
nANSWER nn15ndegree ntravel nangle nusing npush ntechnique nshould nbenused
Whatnisntheneffectnof ntipntonworkndistancen(electrical nsickoutnonndepositionnratenofnsubme
rgednarenweldingn-
nANSWER nndecreasing ntipntonworkndistancenwithoutnadjustingnanynothernvariable nwill nca
usenanincreasenin ndeposition nrate
Electrodensticknoutnisnmeasuredn-nANSWER nnFromntipnof nnozzlentonendnof nelectrode
Contactntip-to-worknisnthensumn(CTTW)n-
nANSWER nnof nthenelectrode nextension nandnarcnlength
Increasingnelectrical nsickoutn-
nANSWER nndecreasesnvoltage,ndecreasesncurrentnandnincreasesnresistance
Which nweldingnprocessnfornGMAWnhasnlargenweldnpoolnandnisnrathernlargenandndifficultnt
oncontrol noutnof nposition n-nANSWER nnSprayntransfer
Which nweldingnprocessnfornGMAWnhasnexcessivenspattern-
nANSWER nnGlobularntransfer
Which nweldingnprocessnfornGMAWnusuallynhasnlacknofnfusionn-nANSWER nnShortnCircuit
whatnelectrodesnneverngonin nholdingnornbakingnoven n-nANSWER nncellulosic
SubmergednArcnWeldingndisadvantagen-nANSWER nnRequiresninter-
passnandnpostnweldnslagnremoval
WhatnweldingnprocessnhasnthengreatestnHAZn-nANSWER nnElectroslag
,GTAWnwhen nanBALLnisnformednon nTungsten n-nANSWER nnAluminum
Which nweldingnprocessncannbendonenoutsidenEarth'snatmospheren-nANSWERnnDiffusion
With ntungsten narc,nmostnof nthencurrentnacrossnthenarcnisncarriednbyn-
nANSWER nnelectrons
Electrodenbeamnweldingnhasn-nANSWER nnanverynnarrow nweldnandnheatnaffectednzone
Which ngasesnarenusednwith nthenGMAWnprocessn-
nANSWER nnargon nandnCO2nandntheirnmixturesnin nvariousnproportions
Which nweldingnprocessnisnnon-consumablenelectrodenprocessn-nANSWER nnGTAW
Which nshieldingngasndoesnGMAWnusenfornsprayntransfern-
nANSWER nn95%nArgon nandn5%nCO2
Thendeposition nratenof nSMAWnelectrodesnisnincreasednbynincludingn-
nANSWER nnIron nPower
Electrodenin nFluxncorednarenweldingnisn-
nANSWER nnTubularnwirencontaining nfluxnornotherningredients
Whatnweldingnprocessnisnnotnusednin noverheadnposition n-
nANSWER nnSAWn(Submerged nArcnWelding
SAWnFluxesnthatnsignificantlyninfluencenthencompositionnofnthenweldnmetalnthroughnslag
/metalnreactionsnarencalledn-
nANSWER nnarenclassified ninnconjunction nwith nwelding nwirenformingnanfluxndesignation
Anweldingnarcnconsistsnof nan-nANSWER nnhigh ncurrentnandnlow nvoltage
Thenheatnof nthenweldingnarcnisnusednton-
nANSWER nnlocallynmeltnthenbasenmaterial nandnfillernmaterial ntoncreatenfusionnuponnsolidi
fication
WeldingnusingnGTAWnprocessnwith ncurrentnsetntonDCEN n-
nANSWER nn30%narcnheatnatnthenelectrode nandn70%narcnheatnatnthenwork
Thenfunction nof ntheningredientsnin nthenelectrodencoatingnof nSMAWnelectrodesnisnton-
nANSWER nnprovide nangasnshield,nslagncovering,nscavengers,narcnstabilization nandnaddit
ional nalloyingnelements
Thentemperaturenfornholdingnlownhydrogen nelectrodesn-nANSWER nn120nC
ThenGMAWnprocessnusesn(Blank)ntonshieldnthenmolten nweldnfromnthenatmospheren-
nANSWER nnexternal nshielding ngas
, Thenfluxncorednarcnweldingnisnan narcnweldingnprocessnusuallynin nthensemi-
automaticnmode,nconsistingnof:n-
nANSWER nnA nconstantncurrentnpowernsupply,nancontinuousnspeednwirenfeeder,nanweldin
gngun,nandnancontinuousnfillernmetalnelectrodenwith nanhallowncorencontainingnfluxnandnot
herningredients
Weldingnisnprocessnanjoiningnprocessnthatnbyndefinition nrequiresnapplication nof n-
nANSWER nnEithernheatnornpressure
Namenthentwonmain nmethodsnof narcnshieldingn-
nANSWER nnfluxnshielding nandngasnshielding
Which ndirection ndonthenelectronsnflow nin nan nelectrical naren-
nANSWER nnCathode ntonanode
In narenwelding,nthenelectricnarenisnintenselynhotnwith ntemperaturenexceedingn-
nANSWER nn30,000nC
How ndoesnthenarcnvoltagenandnarcnstiffnessnchangenwhen nthenarcnlength nisnincreasedn-
nANSWER nnArcnvoltage nincreasesnandnarcnstiffnessndecreases
Whatntypenof npenetrationnandnweldnwidthncannbenexpectednwhennusingnDCnpositiven(GT
AW)n-nANSWER nnShallow npenetration nandnanwidenweld
Which npolaritynisnchosennmostnoftennforndirectncurrentnGTAWnweldingnof nsteelsnandnwhy
n-
nANSWER nnDirectncurrentnelectrode nnegative.nMorenheatnisnproduced natnthenworknpiecen
leadingntondeepernweldnpenetration
WhynmustnshieldingngasnfornGTAWnbencompletelyninertn-
nANSWER nnPresence nofnactivengasesnlikenoxygennandncarbonndioxide nthentungsten nele
ctrodenandnthenlimitnitsnlife.
Twonadvantagesnof nGTAWnprocessn-
nANSWER nnItngivesnhighnqualityndeposits,nandnthenprocessncannbenusedntonweldnvirtually
nall nmetalsnandnalloys
WhynisnSMAWnanveryncommonlynusednweldingnprocessn-
nANSWER nnItnprovidesngreatnflexibilityninntermsnof nthenbroadnrangenofnmaterialsnandnthei
rnthicknessesnthatncan nbenjoinednin nall nweldingnpositions
SMAWnusesnconstantncurrentnornconstantnvoltagen-nANSWER nnconstantncurrent
Whynisncarennecessaryninnthenpropernstoragenandnhandlingnof nelectrodesnfornweldingnst
eelsn-
nANSWER nnImproperlynstorednelectrodesncannpicknupnmoisturenleadingntonincreased nwe
ldnmetal nhydrogen ncontentnandnthereforenincreasednrisknofncoldncrackingnin nthenweldnzo
ne
GMAWnusesnConstantnVoltagenornConstantnCurrentn-nANSWER nnConstantnVoltage
n n n n n
Anconsumablenelectrodenis:n-
nANSWER nnAN nelectrode nwhich nmeltsnandnprovidesnmetal ntonfill nthenjoint
Thenweldnheatnaffectednzonenis:n-
nANSWER nnthenportion nofnthenbasenmetal nadjacentntonthenweldnmetal nwhose npropertiesn
havenbeen nchangednduentonthenheatnof nwelding
When nan narcnisnformednbetween ntwonelectrodesn-
nANSWER nnelectricitynflowsnfromnnegative ncathodentonpositive nanode
Thenmagneticnpinchnforcenhelpsninnthenprocessnofnthendetachingnthenmoltennmetalndrops
nfromnthenelectrode ntip.nThenmagneticnforcen-
nANSWER nnincreasesnasnthensquare nofnthencurrentncausing nsmallernandnsmallerndroplet
sntonbendetached
Thenelectricncurrentnfornweldingnmustnbentransformednfromn-
nANSWER nnHigh nvoltage,nlow namperage ntonlow nvoltage,nhigh namperage
Thenmajornadvantagenof nelectron nbeamnweldingnprocessnisn-
nANSWER nnfull npenetration nweldsnon nthicknmaterial nin nonenpass
Thenprogressnof nweldingnwith nElectroslagnweldingnprocessnisn-nANSWER nnVertical nup
Explosion nweldingn-
nANSWER nnisnsolidnstatenprocessninnwhichncoalescence nisnproduced nthrough nhigh nspee
dnimpactingnof ntwonornmorenmaterialsnbyncontrolledndetonation
Antypical napplication nfornthermitenweldingnisn-nANSWER nnjoiningnof nrails
Weldingnwithoutnfillernmetalnwith nGTAWnprocessnisnreferredntonasn-
nANSWER nnautogenousnwelding
Antypical nweldnflaw nassociatednwith nGTAWnprocessnisn-nANSWER nnporosity
SMAWnpowernsourcesntypicallynhavenanvolt-amperencurventhatnisn-nANSWERnndrooping
Oncenanboxnof nE49XXnlow nhydrogennelectrodesnhasnbeennopenednthenelectrodesnmaynr
emain natnambientntemperaturenfornupntonanmaximumnof n-nANSWER nn4nhours
ShieldednMetal nARC nWeldingn(SMAW)nprocessn-
nANSWER nnestablishesnannarcnbetween nthenendnof nancoverednelectrode nandnthenworknpi
ece.
Thenspraynmodenof nmetalntransfernisnachievednwith n-
nANSWER nnhigh namperage,nhigh nvoltage nandnargon-rich nshielding ngas
,digital nwirenfeedersn-
nANSWER nnhavenfeedbacknsystemsntonmaintain nthenpresetnwirenfeednspeed
wirendesignatednbynCSAnstandardnW48nasnan nE491T-9MJ-H8n-
nANSWER nnResultsninnweldndepositnwithnanmaximumnof n8nml ndiffusible nhydrogen npern10
0ngnof nweldnmetal
Self nshieldnfluxncorednwiresnaren-nANSWER nnbetternablentontoleratenairncurrents
ThenAWSnclassesnmetalncorednwirenalongnwith n-nANSWER nnsolidnwires
SAWnFluxesnthatnsignificantlyninfluencenthencompositionnofnthenweldnmetalnthroughnslag
/metalnreactionsnarencalledn-nANSWER nnactive
Resistancenweldingnof naluminumn-
nANSWER nnCan nbendone nbutnwith ngreaterndifficultynduentonitsnlow nresistivity
Thenplasmanarcnweldingnprocessnisnsimilarntonwhatnothernweldingnprocessninnprinciplesn
of noperation n-nANSWER nnGTAW
Fornanflatnweldnprofilenandngoodnpenetration nprofilenusingnthenMCAWnprocessn-
nANSWER nn15ndegree ntravel nangle nusing npush ntechnique nshould nbenused
Whatnisntheneffectnof ntipntonworkndistancen(electrical nsickoutnonndepositionnratenofnsubme
rgednarenweldingn-
nANSWER nndecreasing ntipntonworkndistancenwithoutnadjustingnanynothernvariable nwill nca
usenanincreasenin ndeposition nrate
Electrodensticknoutnisnmeasuredn-nANSWER nnFromntipnof nnozzlentonendnof nelectrode
Contactntip-to-worknisnthensumn(CTTW)n-
nANSWER nnof nthenelectrode nextension nandnarcnlength
Increasingnelectrical nsickoutn-
nANSWER nndecreasesnvoltage,ndecreasesncurrentnandnincreasesnresistance
Which nweldingnprocessnfornGMAWnhasnlargenweldnpoolnandnisnrathernlargenandndifficultnt
oncontrol noutnof nposition n-nANSWER nnSprayntransfer
Which nweldingnprocessnfornGMAWnhasnexcessivenspattern-
nANSWER nnGlobularntransfer
Which nweldingnprocessnfornGMAWnusuallynhasnlacknofnfusionn-nANSWER nnShortnCircuit
whatnelectrodesnneverngonin nholdingnornbakingnoven n-nANSWER nncellulosic
SubmergednArcnWeldingndisadvantagen-nANSWER nnRequiresninter-
passnandnpostnweldnslagnremoval
WhatnweldingnprocessnhasnthengreatestnHAZn-nANSWER nnElectroslag
,GTAWnwhen nanBALLnisnformednon nTungsten n-nANSWER nnAluminum
Which nweldingnprocessncannbendonenoutsidenEarth'snatmospheren-nANSWERnnDiffusion
With ntungsten narc,nmostnof nthencurrentnacrossnthenarcnisncarriednbyn-
nANSWER nnelectrons
Electrodenbeamnweldingnhasn-nANSWER nnanverynnarrow nweldnandnheatnaffectednzone
Which ngasesnarenusednwith nthenGMAWnprocessn-
nANSWER nnargon nandnCO2nandntheirnmixturesnin nvariousnproportions
Which nweldingnprocessnisnnon-consumablenelectrodenprocessn-nANSWER nnGTAW
Which nshieldingngasndoesnGMAWnusenfornsprayntransfern-
nANSWER nn95%nArgon nandn5%nCO2
Thendeposition nratenof nSMAWnelectrodesnisnincreasednbynincludingn-
nANSWER nnIron nPower
Electrodenin nFluxncorednarenweldingnisn-
nANSWER nnTubularnwirencontaining nfluxnornotherningredients
Whatnweldingnprocessnisnnotnusednin noverheadnposition n-
nANSWER nnSAWn(Submerged nArcnWelding
SAWnFluxesnthatnsignificantlyninfluencenthencompositionnofnthenweldnmetalnthroughnslag
/metalnreactionsnarencalledn-
nANSWER nnarenclassified ninnconjunction nwith nwelding nwirenformingnanfluxndesignation
Anweldingnarcnconsistsnof nan-nANSWER nnhigh ncurrentnandnlow nvoltage
Thenheatnof nthenweldingnarcnisnusednton-
nANSWER nnlocallynmeltnthenbasenmaterial nandnfillernmaterial ntoncreatenfusionnuponnsolidi
fication
WeldingnusingnGTAWnprocessnwith ncurrentnsetntonDCEN n-
nANSWER nn30%narcnheatnatnthenelectrode nandn70%narcnheatnatnthenwork
Thenfunction nof ntheningredientsnin nthenelectrodencoatingnof nSMAWnelectrodesnisnton-
nANSWER nnprovide nangasnshield,nslagncovering,nscavengers,narcnstabilization nandnaddit
ional nalloyingnelements
Thentemperaturenfornholdingnlownhydrogen nelectrodesn-nANSWER nn120nC
ThenGMAWnprocessnusesn(Blank)ntonshieldnthenmolten nweldnfromnthenatmospheren-
nANSWER nnexternal nshielding ngas
, Thenfluxncorednarcnweldingnisnan narcnweldingnprocessnusuallynin nthensemi-
automaticnmode,nconsistingnof:n-
nANSWER nnA nconstantncurrentnpowernsupply,nancontinuousnspeednwirenfeeder,nanweldin
gngun,nandnancontinuousnfillernmetalnelectrodenwith nanhallowncorencontainingnfluxnandnot
herningredients
Weldingnisnprocessnanjoiningnprocessnthatnbyndefinition nrequiresnapplication nof n-
nANSWER nnEithernheatnornpressure
Namenthentwonmain nmethodsnof narcnshieldingn-
nANSWER nnfluxnshielding nandngasnshielding
Which ndirection ndonthenelectronsnflow nin nan nelectrical naren-
nANSWER nnCathode ntonanode
In narenwelding,nthenelectricnarenisnintenselynhotnwith ntemperaturenexceedingn-
nANSWER nn30,000nC
How ndoesnthenarcnvoltagenandnarcnstiffnessnchangenwhen nthenarcnlength nisnincreasedn-
nANSWER nnArcnvoltage nincreasesnandnarcnstiffnessndecreases
Whatntypenof npenetrationnandnweldnwidthncannbenexpectednwhennusingnDCnpositiven(GT
AW)n-nANSWER nnShallow npenetration nandnanwidenweld
Which npolaritynisnchosennmostnoftennforndirectncurrentnGTAWnweldingnof nsteelsnandnwhy
n-
nANSWER nnDirectncurrentnelectrode nnegative.nMorenheatnisnproduced natnthenworknpiecen
leadingntondeepernweldnpenetration
WhynmustnshieldingngasnfornGTAWnbencompletelyninertn-
nANSWER nnPresence nofnactivengasesnlikenoxygennandncarbonndioxide nthentungsten nele
ctrodenandnthenlimitnitsnlife.
Twonadvantagesnof nGTAWnprocessn-
nANSWER nnItngivesnhighnqualityndeposits,nandnthenprocessncannbenusedntonweldnvirtually
nall nmetalsnandnalloys
WhynisnSMAWnanveryncommonlynusednweldingnprocessn-
nANSWER nnItnprovidesngreatnflexibilityninntermsnof nthenbroadnrangenofnmaterialsnandnthei
rnthicknessesnthatncan nbenjoinednin nall nweldingnpositions
SMAWnusesnconstantncurrentnornconstantnvoltagen-nANSWER nnconstantncurrent
Whynisncarennecessaryninnthenpropernstoragenandnhandlingnof nelectrodesnfornweldingnst
eelsn-
nANSWER nnImproperlynstorednelectrodesncannpicknupnmoisturenleadingntonincreased nwe
ldnmetal nhydrogen ncontentnandnthereforenincreasednrisknofncoldncrackingnin nthenweldnzo
ne
GMAWnusesnConstantnVoltagenornConstantnCurrentn-nANSWER nnConstantnVoltage
