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Nurs 432 Ch. 54 Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers (100% Correct Answers) /Already Graded
A+
Fracture Classification
Ans: Extent of Break (complete/incomplete); Extent of Associated Soft Tissue
Damage (open, closed, grade 1, 2, 3); Pathologic (spontaneous); Fatigue/Stress;
Compression
Fracture
Ans: Break or disruption in the continuity of a bone
Fracture Grades
Ans: Grade 1: least severe
Grade 2: open fracture with skin/muscle contusion
Grade 3: muscle, skin, nerve tissue & blood
Stress Fracture
Ans: overuse injury; occurs when muscles become fatigued and can't absorb
shock; eventually muscle transposes stress to bone and causes tiny crack in
bone; women are more susceptible; 50% in lower leg; treatment: rest 6-8wks
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Stage 1 of Bone Healing
Ans: Hematoma formation within 24-72h after injury--hematoma formed at
fracture site
Stage 2 of Bone Healing
Ans: Occurs in 3d-2wks when granulation tissue begins to invade hematoma;
stimulating formation of fibrocartilage
Stage 3 of Bone Healing
Ans: Usually occurs within 2-6wks as a result of vascular & cellular
proliferation; fracture site is surrounded by vascular tissue known as a callus
that begins in the non-boney union
Stage 4 of Bone Healing
Ans: Usually takes 3-6 months; results in gradual reabsorption of the callus
with transformation into bone
Stage 5 of Bone Healing
Ans: May start as early as 6wks after fracture and can continue up to 1yr;
consists of bone consolidation & remodeling
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Acute Compartment Syndrome
Ans: Serious condition in which increased pressure within one or more
compartments causes massive compromise of circulation to the area; prevent
pressure buildup of blood or fluid accumulation; patho: sometimes referred to
ischemia-edema cycle; 6 Ps; begins in 6-8h after injury or up to 2d after
6 Ps of Acute Compartment Syndrome
Ans: pain, pressure, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness
Acute Compartment Syndrome Emergency
Ans: EMERGENCY SITUATION; within 4-6h after onset, neurovascular & muscle
damage are irreversible; limb may become useless in 24-48h;
Acute Compartment Syndrome Emergency Care
Ans: monitor pressures; fasciotomy may be performed to relieve pressure;
pack & dress wound after fasciotomy; nursing intervention: loosen dressing
immediately, if patient has a cast-know who can cut it off; notify MD ASAP
Potential Results of Acute Compartment Syndrome
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Ans: Infection; motor weakness; Volkmann's contractures (involve muscles of
forearm); myoglobinuric renal failure/rhabdomyolysis; Crush syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Ans: body breaks down muscle and excretes it through kidneys; may cause
kidney failure; give kayexelate PO or enema to decrease K
Crush Syndrome
Ans: Occurs from external crush injury that compresses 1+ compartments in
leg/arm/pelvis; potentially life-threatening due to hemorrhage & edema after
severe fracture
Crush Syndrome Causes
Ans: Twisting type injuries; natural disasters; work-related injury; drug or
alcohol overdose (could compress limb for prolonged period); older adults who
fall & can't get up
Crush Syndrome Tx
Ans: flood with IV fluids before removing object that is crushing limb; prevents
bleeding out & potentially saves limb & life
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
Nurs 432 Ch. 54 Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers (100% Correct Answers) /Already Graded
A+
Fracture Classification
Ans: Extent of Break (complete/incomplete); Extent of Associated Soft Tissue
Damage (open, closed, grade 1, 2, 3); Pathologic (spontaneous); Fatigue/Stress;
Compression
Fracture
Ans: Break or disruption in the continuity of a bone
Fracture Grades
Ans: Grade 1: least severe
Grade 2: open fracture with skin/muscle contusion
Grade 3: muscle, skin, nerve tissue & blood
Stress Fracture
Ans: overuse injury; occurs when muscles become fatigued and can't absorb
shock; eventually muscle transposes stress to bone and causes tiny crack in
bone; women are more susceptible; 50% in lower leg; treatment: rest 6-8wks
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,Click here for more: Scholars nexus
Stage 1 of Bone Healing
Ans: Hematoma formation within 24-72h after injury--hematoma formed at
fracture site
Stage 2 of Bone Healing
Ans: Occurs in 3d-2wks when granulation tissue begins to invade hematoma;
stimulating formation of fibrocartilage
Stage 3 of Bone Healing
Ans: Usually occurs within 2-6wks as a result of vascular & cellular
proliferation; fracture site is surrounded by vascular tissue known as a callus
that begins in the non-boney union
Stage 4 of Bone Healing
Ans: Usually takes 3-6 months; results in gradual reabsorption of the callus
with transformation into bone
Stage 5 of Bone Healing
Ans: May start as early as 6wks after fracture and can continue up to 1yr;
consists of bone consolidation & remodeling
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,Click here for more: Scholars nexus
Acute Compartment Syndrome
Ans: Serious condition in which increased pressure within one or more
compartments causes massive compromise of circulation to the area; prevent
pressure buildup of blood or fluid accumulation; patho: sometimes referred to
ischemia-edema cycle; 6 Ps; begins in 6-8h after injury or up to 2d after
6 Ps of Acute Compartment Syndrome
Ans: pain, pressure, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness
Acute Compartment Syndrome Emergency
Ans: EMERGENCY SITUATION; within 4-6h after onset, neurovascular & muscle
damage are irreversible; limb may become useless in 24-48h;
Acute Compartment Syndrome Emergency Care
Ans: monitor pressures; fasciotomy may be performed to relieve pressure;
pack & dress wound after fasciotomy; nursing intervention: loosen dressing
immediately, if patient has a cast-know who can cut it off; notify MD ASAP
Potential Results of Acute Compartment Syndrome
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Ans: Infection; motor weakness; Volkmann's contractures (involve muscles of
forearm); myoglobinuric renal failure/rhabdomyolysis; Crush syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Ans: body breaks down muscle and excretes it through kidneys; may cause
kidney failure; give kayexelate PO or enema to decrease K
Crush Syndrome
Ans: Occurs from external crush injury that compresses 1+ compartments in
leg/arm/pelvis; potentially life-threatening due to hemorrhage & edema after
severe fracture
Crush Syndrome Causes
Ans: Twisting type injuries; natural disasters; work-related injury; drug or
alcohol overdose (could compress limb for prolonged period); older adults who
fall & can't get up
Crush Syndrome Tx
Ans: flood with IV fluids before removing object that is crushing limb; prevents
bleeding out & potentially saves limb & life
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
