Psych 111 Latest study Guide with comPLete soLutions
Kohlberg's stages of development ✔✔ 1. Preconventional morality
2. Conventional morality
3. Postconventional morality
Eriksons stages of development ✔✔ 1. Basic trust vs. basic mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. shame
3. Initiative vs. guilt
4. (Competence) Industry vs. inferiority
5. Identity vs. role confusion
6. Intimacy vs. isolation
7. Generativity vs. stagnation
8. Integrity vs. despair
Piagets stages of development ✔✔ We do not start out being able to think like adults
Jean Piaget studied the errors in cognition made by children in order to understand in what
ways they think differently than adults.
Biological stages of development ✔✔ Conception
Zygote stage
Implantation
Fetal development
Inborn skills/reflexes
Conception ✔✔ in the beginning
, Zygote stage ✔✔ the fertilized egg
cell differentiation
first 10-14 days
Implantation ✔✔ the embryo is implanted to the uterine wall
2-8 weeks
Fetal development ✔✔ at 9 weeks, hands and face have developed, the embryo is now called a
fetus
at 4 months: many more features develop
at 6 months: the organs have developed enough to the point where the fetus could possibly
survive outside of the womb
Dangers to fetal development ✔✔ teratogen: (monster maker)
are substances such as viruses and chemicals that can damage the developing embryo or fetus
fetal alchohol syndrome: refers to cognitive, behavioral, and body/brain structure abnormalities
caused by exposure to alcohol in the fetal stage.
Inborn skills/reflexes ✔✔ the routine reflex, the sucking reflex, and crying when hungry
Do personality traits remain stable or change over the lifespan? ✔✔ the change up until late
teens and then they will stay stable for the rest of your life
maturation ✔✔ biologically-driven growth and development enabling orderly changes in
behavior
you have to crawl before you can walk, etc.
Kohlberg's stages of development ✔✔ 1. Preconventional morality
2. Conventional morality
3. Postconventional morality
Eriksons stages of development ✔✔ 1. Basic trust vs. basic mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. shame
3. Initiative vs. guilt
4. (Competence) Industry vs. inferiority
5. Identity vs. role confusion
6. Intimacy vs. isolation
7. Generativity vs. stagnation
8. Integrity vs. despair
Piagets stages of development ✔✔ We do not start out being able to think like adults
Jean Piaget studied the errors in cognition made by children in order to understand in what
ways they think differently than adults.
Biological stages of development ✔✔ Conception
Zygote stage
Implantation
Fetal development
Inborn skills/reflexes
Conception ✔✔ in the beginning
, Zygote stage ✔✔ the fertilized egg
cell differentiation
first 10-14 days
Implantation ✔✔ the embryo is implanted to the uterine wall
2-8 weeks
Fetal development ✔✔ at 9 weeks, hands and face have developed, the embryo is now called a
fetus
at 4 months: many more features develop
at 6 months: the organs have developed enough to the point where the fetus could possibly
survive outside of the womb
Dangers to fetal development ✔✔ teratogen: (monster maker)
are substances such as viruses and chemicals that can damage the developing embryo or fetus
fetal alchohol syndrome: refers to cognitive, behavioral, and body/brain structure abnormalities
caused by exposure to alcohol in the fetal stage.
Inborn skills/reflexes ✔✔ the routine reflex, the sucking reflex, and crying when hungry
Do personality traits remain stable or change over the lifespan? ✔✔ the change up until late
teens and then they will stay stable for the rest of your life
maturation ✔✔ biologically-driven growth and development enabling orderly changes in
behavior
you have to crawl before you can walk, etc.
