Bio 425 Exam Review - Chapters 1, 3-5
Concepts Questions with correct Answers
Anatomy - correct answers✔✔ The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
Physiology - correct answers✔✔ The study of the functions of the body and its parts.
Homeostasis - correct answers✔✔ Maintenance of conditions within a range (+/- from an
optimum set-point) that is needed for physiology to function.
Vestige - correct answers✔✔ A trace or remnant of something that is no longer present.
Negative feedback - correct answers✔✔ Actively combating change in any condition, thereby
keeping conditions near an optimal set point.
Negative feedback loop - correct answers✔✔ Consists of (1) sensor to detect conditions, (2)
integrating center to compare conditions to set-point value and deciding what actions to take,
(3) effector that carries out the decision made by the integrating center.
Positive feedback - correct answers✔✔ When a change in conditions is increased more and
more.
Enzyme cascade - correct answers✔✔ A series of reactions where one enzyme activates
another, often seen in blood coagulation.
Parturition - correct answers✔✔ The process of giving birth, which can involve positive
feedback mechanisms.
, Levels of organization in the human body - correct answers✔✔
Atoms→molecules→macromolecules→organelles→cells (alive from here
on)→tissues→organs→organ systems→organism.
Hydrophilic - correct answers✔✔ Having an affinity for water; water-loving.
Hydrophobic - correct answers✔✔ Repelling water; water-fearing.
Amphiphilic - correct answers✔✔ Having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Endocytosis - correct answers✔✔ The process by which cells internalize substances from their
external environment.
Exocytosis - correct answers✔✔ The process by which cells expel materials to the outside
environment.
Ligand - correct answers✔✔ A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule.
G-protein - correct answers✔✔ A protein that binds to a guanosine nucleotide and is involved
in transmitting signals from a receptor to a target.
2nd Messenger - correct answers✔✔ Intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in
response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules.
ICF - correct answers✔✔ Intracellular fluid; the fluid within cells.
ECF - correct answers✔✔ Extracellular fluid; the fluid outside cells.
Concepts Questions with correct Answers
Anatomy - correct answers✔✔ The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
Physiology - correct answers✔✔ The study of the functions of the body and its parts.
Homeostasis - correct answers✔✔ Maintenance of conditions within a range (+/- from an
optimum set-point) that is needed for physiology to function.
Vestige - correct answers✔✔ A trace or remnant of something that is no longer present.
Negative feedback - correct answers✔✔ Actively combating change in any condition, thereby
keeping conditions near an optimal set point.
Negative feedback loop - correct answers✔✔ Consists of (1) sensor to detect conditions, (2)
integrating center to compare conditions to set-point value and deciding what actions to take,
(3) effector that carries out the decision made by the integrating center.
Positive feedback - correct answers✔✔ When a change in conditions is increased more and
more.
Enzyme cascade - correct answers✔✔ A series of reactions where one enzyme activates
another, often seen in blood coagulation.
Parturition - correct answers✔✔ The process of giving birth, which can involve positive
feedback mechanisms.
, Levels of organization in the human body - correct answers✔✔
Atoms→molecules→macromolecules→organelles→cells (alive from here
on)→tissues→organs→organ systems→organism.
Hydrophilic - correct answers✔✔ Having an affinity for water; water-loving.
Hydrophobic - correct answers✔✔ Repelling water; water-fearing.
Amphiphilic - correct answers✔✔ Having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Endocytosis - correct answers✔✔ The process by which cells internalize substances from their
external environment.
Exocytosis - correct answers✔✔ The process by which cells expel materials to the outside
environment.
Ligand - correct answers✔✔ A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule.
G-protein - correct answers✔✔ A protein that binds to a guanosine nucleotide and is involved
in transmitting signals from a receptor to a target.
2nd Messenger - correct answers✔✔ Intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in
response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules.
ICF - correct answers✔✔ Intracellular fluid; the fluid within cells.
ECF - correct answers✔✔ Extracellular fluid; the fluid outside cells.
