Test Bank for Neonataland Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh

Test Bank for Neonataland Pediatric Respiratory
Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh

,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Developmen
N N N N

t Test Bank
N N


MULTIPLENCHOICE

1. WhichNofNtheNfollowingNphasesNofNhumanNlungNdevelopmentNisNcharacterizedNbyNtheNformat
ionNofNaNcapillaryNnetworkNaroundNairwayNpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:N D
TheNcanalicularNphaseNfollowsNtheNpseudoglandularNphase,NlastingNfromNapproximatelyN17N
weeksNtoN26NweeksNofNgestation.NThisNphaseNisNsoNnamedNbecauseNofNtheNappearanceNofNvascu
larNchannels,NorNcapillaries,NwhichNbeginNtoNgrowNbyNformingNaNcapillaryNnetworkNaroundNth
eNairNpassages.NDuringNtheNpseudoglandularNstage,NwhichNbeginsNatNdayN52NandNextendsNtoN
weekN16NofNgestation,NtheNairwayNsystemNsubdividesNextensivelyNandNtheNconductingNairway
NsystemNdevelops,NendingNwithNtheNterminalNbronchioles.NTheNsaccularNstageNofNdevelopmen

t,NwhichNtakesNplaceNfromNweeksN29NtoN36NofNgestation,NisNcharacterizedNbyNtheNdevelopment
NofNsacsNthatN
laterNbecomeNalveoli.NDuringNtheNsaccularNphase,NaNtremendousNincreaseNinNtheN
potential
gas-
exchangingNsurfaceNareaNoccurs.NTheNdistinctionNbetweenNtheNsaccularNstageNandNtheNalv
eolarNstageNisNarbitrary.NTheNalveolarNstageNstretchesNfromN39NweeksNofNgestationNtoNter
m.NThisNstageNisNrepresentedNbyNtheNestablishmentNofNalveoli.

REF:N pp.NNN 3-5

2. RegardingNpostnatalNlungNgrowth,NbyNapproximatelyNwhatNageNdoNmostNofNtheNalveoliNthat
NwillNbeNpresentNinNtheNlungsNforNlifeNdevelop?
a. 6Nmonths
b. 1Nyear
c. 1.5Nyears
d. 2Nyears
ANS:N C
MostNofNtheNpostnatalNformationNofNalveoliNinNtheNinfantNoccursNoverNtheNfirstN1.5NyearsNofNl
ife.NAtN2NyearsNofNage,NtheNnumberNofNalveoliNvariesNsubstantiallyNamongNindividuals.NAfterN
2NyearsNofNage,NmalesNhaveNmoreNalveoliNthanNdoNfemales.NAfterNalveolarNmultiplicationNends
,NtheNalveoliNcontinueNtoNincreaseNinNsizeNuntilNthoracicNgrowthNisNcompleted.

REF:N p.N6

3. TheNrespiratoryNtherapistNisNevaluatingNaNnewbornNwithNmildNrespiratoryNdistressNdueNtoNtra
chealNstenosis.NDuringNwhichNperiodNofNlungNdevelopmentNdidNthisNproblemNdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:N A

, TheNinitialNstructuresNofNtheNpulmonaryNtreeNdevelopNduringNtheNembryonalNstage.NErrorsN
inNdevelopmentNduringNthisNtimeNmayNresultNinNlaryngeal,Ntracheal,NorNesophagealNatresiaNo
rNstenosis.NPulmonaryNhypoplasia,NanNincompleteNdevelopmentNofNtheNlungsNcharacterizedN
byNanNabnormallyNlowNnumberNand/orNsizeNofNbronchopulmonaryNsegmentsNand/orNalveoli,
NcanNdevelopNduringNtheNpseudoglandularNphase.NIfNtheNfetusNisNbornNduringNtheNcanalicular

NphaseN(i.e.,Nprematurely),NsevereNrespiratoryNdistressNcanNbeNexpectedNbecauseNtheNinadequ

atelyNdevelopedNairways,NalongNwithNinsufficientNandNimmatureNsurfactantNproductionNbyNa
lveolarNtypeNIINcells,NgivesNriseNtoNtheNconstellationNofNproblemsNknownNasNinfantNrespiratory
NdistressNsyndrome.



REF:NNN p.N6

4. WhichNofNtheNfollowingNmechanismsNisN(are)NresponsibleNforNtheNpossibleNassociationNbetwe
enNoligohydramniosNandNlungNhypoplasia?

I. AbnormalNcarbohydrateNmetabolism
II. MechanicalNrestrictionNofNtheNchestNwall
III. InterferenceNwithNfetalNbreathing
IV. FailureNtoNproduceNfetalNlungNliquid
a. INandNIIINonly
b. IINandNIIINonly
c. I,NII,NandNIVNonly
d. II,NIII,NandNIVNonly
ANS:N D
Oligohydramnios,NaNreducedNquantityNofNamnioticNfluidNpresentNforNanNextendedNperiodNofNtime
,
withNorNwithoutNrenalNanomTaE lieSsT
,NiB
sNA
asNsoKcS
iaE
teLdLwEitR
hN.luCnO
gNM
hypoplasia.NTheNmechanismsNbyN
NwhichNamnioticNfluidNvolumeNinfluencesNlungNgrowthNremainNunclear.NPossibleNexplanations
Nfor

reducedNquantityNofNamnioticNfluidNincludeNmechanicalNrestrictionNofNtheNchestNwall,Ninterf
erenceNwithNfetalNbreathing,NorNfailureNtoNproduceNfetalNlungNliquid.NTheseNclinicalNandNexp
erimentalNobservationsNpossiblyNpointNtoNaNcommonNdenominator,NlungNstretch,NasNbeingNaN
majorNgrowthNstimulant.

REF:N pp.N6-7

5. WhatNisNtheNpurposeNofNtheNsubstanceNsecretedNbyNtheNtypeNIINpneumocyte?
a. ToNincreaseNtheNgasNexchangeNsurfaceNarea
b. ToNreduceNsurfaceNtension
c. ToNmaintainNlungNelasticity
d. ToNpreserveNtheNvolumeNofNtheNamnioticNfluid
ANS:N B
TheNprimaryNroleNofNmammalianNsurfactantNisNtoNlowerNtheNsurfaceNtensionNwithinNtheNalveo
lus,NspecificallyNatNtheNair–
liquidNinterface.NThisNallowsNtheNdelicateNstructureNofNtheNalveolusNtoNexpandNwhenNfilledNwi
thNair.NWithoutNsurfactant,NtheNalveolusNremainsNcollapsedNbecauseNofNtheNhighNsurfaceNtensi
onNofNtheNmoistNalveolarNsurface.N SurfactantNisNcomposedNpredominantlyNofNanNintricateNblen
dNofNphospholipids,NneutralNlipids,NandNproteins.

REF:N p.N8

, 6. WhichNofNtheNfollowingNtestsNofNtheNamnioticNfluidNhaveNbeenNshownNtoNbeNsensitiveNindica
torsNofNlungNmaturity?
a. LevelsNofNprednisone
b. LevelsNofNepidermalNgrowthNfactor
c. LevelsNofNprostaglandins
d. LevelsNofNphosphatidylglycerolNandNphosphatidylcholine
ANS:N D
OfNclinicalNrelevanceNduringNlateNgestation,NanalysisNofNamnioticNfluidNforNtheNconcentration
NofN
phosphatidylglycerolNandNphosphatidylcholineNhasNbeenNshownNtoNbeNaNsensitiveNindicat
orNofNtheNstateNofNfetalNlungNmaturity.

REF:N p.N8

7.NApproximatelyNhowNmuchNfetalNlungNfluidNisNsecretedNdaily?
a.NAboutN150NtoN200Nml
b.NAboutN250NtoN300Nml
c.NAboutN350NtoN400Nml
d.NAboutN450NtoN500Nml

ANS:NB

FetalNlungsNareNsecretoryNorgansNthatNmakeNbreathing-
likeNmovementsNbutNserveNnoNrespiratoryNfunctionNbeforeNbirth.NTheyNsecreteN
aboutN250NtoN300NmlNofNliquidNperNday.


N8.NTheNlungNbudNemergesNfromNwhichNofNtheNfollowingNstructures?
a.NTheNpharynx
b.NTheNforegut
c.NTheNmesenchyme
d.NTheNtubularNepithelium

ANS:NA

TheNembryonalNphaseNincludesNprimitiveNlungNdevelopmentNandNisNgenerallyNregardedNtoNencompassNtheNfirstN2
NmonthsNofNgestation.N

TheNlungNbeginsNtoNemergeNasNaNbudNfromNtheNpharynxN26NdaysNafterNconception.