BIOL 3001 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS!!
, Pedigree - ANSWERchart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to
the relationships within a family across several generations
Complete Penetrance - ANSWERThe gene or genes for a trait are expressed in all the
population who have the genes
Incomplete Penetrance - ANSWERthe genetic trait is expressed in only part of the
population
3 assumptions when determining the mode of inheritance - ANSWER1. The trait
displays Complete Penetrance.
2. The trait is considered Rare-in-Population.
3. The traits you examine are not Y-Linked.
Pedigree symbols: A transparent circle - ANSWERUnaffected female
Pedigree symbols: A transparent square - ANSWERunaffected male
Pedigree symbols: filled circle - ANSWERaffected female
Pedigree symbols: filled square - ANSWERaffected male
Pedigree symbols: diamond - ANSWERgender not specified
Pedigree symbols: line through square, circle, or diamond - ANSWERdeceased
individual
Pedigree symbols: have filled square or circle - ANSWERcarrier individual (usually
heterozygous)
Pedigree symbols: two shapes branching from the same node - ANSWERdizygotic
twins
Pedigree symbols: two shapes branching from the same node with extra line connecting
them - ANSWERmonozygotic twins
Pedigree symbols: black arrow pointing to square, circle, or diamond on tree -
ANSWERproband: individual who prompted pedigree
Pedigree symbols: Brackets around an individual - ANSWERadopted individual
Patterns that indicate autosomal recessive trait - ANSWER- both parents of the affected
individual must be unaffected
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS!!
, Pedigree - ANSWERchart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to
the relationships within a family across several generations
Complete Penetrance - ANSWERThe gene or genes for a trait are expressed in all the
population who have the genes
Incomplete Penetrance - ANSWERthe genetic trait is expressed in only part of the
population
3 assumptions when determining the mode of inheritance - ANSWER1. The trait
displays Complete Penetrance.
2. The trait is considered Rare-in-Population.
3. The traits you examine are not Y-Linked.
Pedigree symbols: A transparent circle - ANSWERUnaffected female
Pedigree symbols: A transparent square - ANSWERunaffected male
Pedigree symbols: filled circle - ANSWERaffected female
Pedigree symbols: filled square - ANSWERaffected male
Pedigree symbols: diamond - ANSWERgender not specified
Pedigree symbols: line through square, circle, or diamond - ANSWERdeceased
individual
Pedigree symbols: have filled square or circle - ANSWERcarrier individual (usually
heterozygous)
Pedigree symbols: two shapes branching from the same node - ANSWERdizygotic
twins
Pedigree symbols: two shapes branching from the same node with extra line connecting
them - ANSWERmonozygotic twins
Pedigree symbols: black arrow pointing to square, circle, or diamond on tree -
ANSWERproband: individual who prompted pedigree
Pedigree symbols: Brackets around an individual - ANSWERadopted individual
Patterns that indicate autosomal recessive trait - ANSWER- both parents of the affected
individual must be unaffected
