BIOS 255 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
What is homeostasis? - Answers :maintenance of a stable internal environment with the
contribution of all organ systems
What are the components of a homeostatic mechanism? - Answers :-Stimulus
-Receptors
-Control center
-Effector
-Response
What is a negative feedback mechanism? - Answers :Body REVERSES, or goes
against, an original stimulus to return to homeostasis
Example: Blood glucose regulation after eating.
What is a positive feedback mechanism? - Answers :Amplifies the change from the
normal level. (Agrees with the change)
Example: Childbirth, blood clotting
What feedback mechanism is most common? - Answers :negative
Inferior - Answers :Below; at a lower level
Superior - Answers :Above; higher level
Lateral - Answers :Side; Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - Answers :Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - Answers :Father away from the point of attachment
Medial - Answers :Toward the midline of the body
Sagittal - Answers :divides body into left and right
Transverse - Answers :Divides body into upper and lower parts
Anterior - Answers :toward the front of the body
Posterior - Answers :toward the back of the body
Frontal plane - Answers :Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical reactions? - Answers :Electrons
, Which part of the atom makes up the atomic number? - Answers :Protons
pH scale - Answers :Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration
- pH < 7: Acidic
-pH > 7: Alkaline (basic)
-pH = 7: neutral
What is the main function on rough endoplasmic reticulum? - Answers :Protein
synthesis
What kind of cell division results in a diploid, increasing the number of cells? - Answers
:Mitosis
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - Answers :23 pairs
What kind of cell division results in a haploid? - Answers :Meiosis
Meiosis I - Answers :Splits genetic material in half, producing a diploid
Meiosis II - Answers :Separates sister chromatids
-four haploid daughter cells
-develop into egg or sperm
Prophase - Answers :Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves,
spindle forms
Metaphase - Answers :Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - Answers :Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - Answers :Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei
are formed.
What are the 4 types of tissues? - Answers :epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the properties of epithelial tissue? - Answers :-Cells sit on basement
membrane
-Has apical surface and basal surface
-Avascular
-Polarity
-Innervated
What occurs when the apical surface of epithelial cells separate from the basement
layer? - Answers :Cell regeneration is triggered.
What is homeostasis? - Answers :maintenance of a stable internal environment with the
contribution of all organ systems
What are the components of a homeostatic mechanism? - Answers :-Stimulus
-Receptors
-Control center
-Effector
-Response
What is a negative feedback mechanism? - Answers :Body REVERSES, or goes
against, an original stimulus to return to homeostasis
Example: Blood glucose regulation after eating.
What is a positive feedback mechanism? - Answers :Amplifies the change from the
normal level. (Agrees with the change)
Example: Childbirth, blood clotting
What feedback mechanism is most common? - Answers :negative
Inferior - Answers :Below; at a lower level
Superior - Answers :Above; higher level
Lateral - Answers :Side; Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - Answers :Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - Answers :Father away from the point of attachment
Medial - Answers :Toward the midline of the body
Sagittal - Answers :divides body into left and right
Transverse - Answers :Divides body into upper and lower parts
Anterior - Answers :toward the front of the body
Posterior - Answers :toward the back of the body
Frontal plane - Answers :Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical reactions? - Answers :Electrons
, Which part of the atom makes up the atomic number? - Answers :Protons
pH scale - Answers :Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration
- pH < 7: Acidic
-pH > 7: Alkaline (basic)
-pH = 7: neutral
What is the main function on rough endoplasmic reticulum? - Answers :Protein
synthesis
What kind of cell division results in a diploid, increasing the number of cells? - Answers
:Mitosis
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - Answers :23 pairs
What kind of cell division results in a haploid? - Answers :Meiosis
Meiosis I - Answers :Splits genetic material in half, producing a diploid
Meiosis II - Answers :Separates sister chromatids
-four haploid daughter cells
-develop into egg or sperm
Prophase - Answers :Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves,
spindle forms
Metaphase - Answers :Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - Answers :Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - Answers :Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei
are formed.
What are the 4 types of tissues? - Answers :epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the properties of epithelial tissue? - Answers :-Cells sit on basement
membrane
-Has apical surface and basal surface
-Avascular
-Polarity
-Innervated
What occurs when the apical surface of epithelial cells separate from the basement
layer? - Answers :Cell regeneration is triggered.
