Bio 322 Patho Midterm.

BIO 322 PATHO MIDTERM



Which58if58the58following58would58result58in58non-pathological58hormonal58hyperplasia?
A.58A58body58builder58who58takes58anabolic58steroids58to58increase58muscle58mass.
B.58The58thickening58of58the58endometrium58after58fertilization58and58implantation
C.58A58change58in58the58cell58size58and58shape58of58the58cervix58due58to58human58papill
omavirus58(HPV)58
D.58The58reversible58changing58of58normal58columnar58ciliated58epithelium58of58the58bro
nchial58lining58by58stratified58squamous58epithelium.58-58answer--B.

Elissa58is58a581658year58old58high58school58student58who58attempted58to58overdose58on5
8aspirin58because58Joey,58the58star58quarterback,58kissed58Emily,58who58probably58has5
8mono58anyway.58You58got58the58privilege58of58helping58to58pump58Elissa's58stomach58a
nd58stick58charcoal58down58her58throat58to58dry58up58the58aspirin.58Arterial58blood58gase
s58showed58a58metabolic58acidosis.58Lab58showed58Na5814258mEq/L58(normal58142-
145),58K583.458mEq/L58(3.5-5.0),58Ca588.958mg/dl58(8.8-10.5),58Mg581.858mg/dl58(1.8-
3.0),58Cl-589458(95-105),58HCO3-582058(24-2858mEq/L,58HPO4-582.758mg/L58(2.5-
5)58and58SO4-58158mEq/
L.58By58your58calculations,58does58Elissa58have58an58anion58gap?58
A.58No
B.58Yes
C.58There58is58no58way58to58tell58from58this58case58-58answer--B.

A5830-year-
old58male58arrived58at58the58emergency58room58complaining58of58nausea,58vomiting,58a
bdominal58pain,58and58lethargy.58Based58on58his58symptoms,58an58ABG58was58ordered.
58His58test58results58were58pH587.3358PaCO2-582258mm/Hg58HCO3-
589.58What58type58of58imbalance58is58occurring58in58the58patient?
A.58Uncompensated58metabolic58acidosis
B.58Compensated58respiratory58acidosis
C.58Uncompensated58respiratory58acidosis
D.58Uncompensated58metabolic58alkalosis
E.58Compensated58metabolic58acidosis58-58answer--E.

A5841-year-
old58man58has58been58a58smoker58since58he58was5814.58He58is58experiencing58muscle58
weakness58and58headaches.58He58has58also58been58recently58diagnosed58with58lung58c
ancer.58His58serum58osmolality58is58decreased.58Which58of58the58following58may58be58tr
ue?

, A.58He58has58SIADH58and58an58excess58of58ADH
B.58He58has58Addison58Disease58and58a58deficiency58of58ADH
C.58He58has58SIADH58and58a58deficiency58of58aldosterone
D.58He58has58diabetes58insipidus58and58a58deficiency58of58ADH58-58answer--A.

A5851-year-
old58male58has58a58BP58of58150/95mmHg58(normal<120/80mmHg).58If58this58remains58u
ntreated58for58years,58which58cellular58alteration58will58be58seen58in58the58heart?
A.58Atrophy
B.58Hyperplasia
C.58Metaplasia
D.58Hypertrophy58-58answer--D.

A5841-year-old58man58has58been58drinking58large58quantities58of58water--
up58to582058liters58per58day--
58for58the58past58week.58On58physical58examination58he58has58diminished58skin58turgor58
(a58sign58of58moderate58to58severe58dehydration)58and58dry58mucous58membranes.58his
58serum58levels58osmolality58is58elevated58at5834358mOsm/
kg.58Which58of58the58following58is58true?
A.58He58has58SIADH58and58an58excess58of58ADH58
B.58He58has58Addison58disease58and58a58deficiency58of58ADH
C.58He58has58Addison58disease58and58a58deficiency58of58aldosterone
D.58He58has58diabetes58insipidus58and58a58deficiency58of58ADH58-58answer--D

At58mile581858of58a58marathon58an58athlete58began58to58experience58muscle58cramps58a
nd58nausea.58Thinking58she58was58dehydrated58she58increased58her58water58intake.58S
he58became58disoriented58and58fell58to58the58ground58unconscious.58Which58of58the58foll
owing58electrolyte58imbalances58is58most58likely58causing58her58condition?
A.58Hyponatremia
B.58Hypernatremia
C.58Hypercalcemia
D.58Hypomagnesemia58-58answer--A

sodium58is58responsible58for:
A.58ECF58Osmotic58balance58
B.58ICF58Osmotic58balance
C.58Osmotic58equilibrium58-58answer--A

A5856-year-
old58female58presents58to58her58physician58complaining58of58dizzieness,58confusion,58tin
gling58in58the58extremities.58Blood58tests58reveal58an58elevated58pH,58decreased58PaCO
258and58slightly58decreased58HCO3.58Which58of58following58is58the58most58likely58diagno
sis?
A.58Respiratory58alkalosis58with58renal58compensation
B.58Metabolic58alkalosis58with58respiratory58compensation
C.58respiratory58acidosis58with58renal58compensation