NURS 3730 Final Exam Questions and
Answers
hypoplastic left heart syndrome - ANSWER-underdeveloped left heart, hypoplastic
left ventricle and aortic atresia
s/s mild cyanosis, progressive deterioration, decreased .cardiac output leading to
cardiac collapse, fatal in first months of life with no intervention
tx: newborns requires stabilization, ventillation, balloon pumps
surgical
heart transplant, in newborn period
prognosis: 5-30% survival
"single ventricle defect"
mesocortical pathway - schiz - ANSWER-negative symptoms
flat affect, apathy
quick relief Medications for asthma - ANSWER--treat symptoms and exaserbations
short acting b2 agonists
anticholinergics
systemic corticosteroids
nursing management of heart failure - ANSWER-rest, conservation of energy
high metabolic needs, caloric needs, high calorie gavage feeding
DIGOXIN - Milligrams to micrograms
nigrostiatal pathway - ANSWER-EPS AND TD
function of motor control, degeneration associated with parkinsons, and involuntary
psychomotor symptoms
long-acting medications - ANSWER-inhaled corticosteroids
long-acting beta2 agonists
leukotriene modifiers
cromolyn sodium
cromolyn sodium - ANSWER-prevents inflammation
prevents bronchial asthma
prevents bronchospasm
,tuberoinfundibular pathway - ANSWER-associated with endocrine function,
digestion, metabolism, hunger, thirst, temperature
dialysis - ANSWER-bun/cr will move into the dialysate sol, lowering the
concentration in the blood
remember - close to dialysis day labs will be increased
dialysis day, assess meds to be adjusted/held - antihypertensives
peritoneal
or
hemodialysis
leukotriene modifiers - ANSWER-block leukotrienes
manage rhinitis
prevent asthma
goals of dialysis - ANSWER-remove the end products of protein metabolism such as
creatinine and urea
maintain safe concentration of electrolytes
correct acidosis, replenish blood bicarbonate buffer system
remove excess fluid from the blood
avolition - ANSWER-disengagement from social activities or routine activities
negative symptom of schiz
-problems being motivated
anhedonia - ANSWER-lacking joy
leukotrienes - ANSWER-cause tightening of the airway muscles and the production
of excess mucus fluid
hemodialysis - ANSWER-used for acute illness
3x/wk
can be performed at home
access - ANSWER-avf - arteriovenous fistula - vein and artery are fused
-requires 2-3 mnths to mature
-pt encouraged to do hand exercises
arteriovenous graft - piece of biologic or synthetic graft connected to pts artery/vein
,-used in diabetes
-compications - stenosis, infxn, thrombosis
ALERT
-failure of dialysis accounts for most hospital admissions for pts on hemodialysis
-protect the access!
aphasia - ANSWER-problems getting words out
SABA SEs - ANSWER-irritability, tremors, nervousness, insomnia
ICS SEs - ANSWER-cough, thrush, dysphoria
alexithymia - ANSWER-difficulty expressing or identifying emotions within ones self
or others
hemodialysis complications - ANSWER-hypotension
SOB between treatments
bleeding
dysrhythmia
gastric ulcers
disturbance of lipid metabolism cause CV complications over time
renal osteodystrophy
apraxia - ANSWER-difficulty carrying out an organized task
-such as dressing
PEFR - ANSWER-maximum flow of air that can be forcefully expired in 1s
use a flow meter
determine a childs PB, during 2-3 wk period when asthma is stable
child does it 2x/day
peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER-procedure that uses the lining of the peritoneal cavity
as a semipermeable memb for exchange of fluids/solutes
may be treatment for pts whoa re unable to undergo hemodialysis
involves repeated cycles of instilling sterile dialysate into the peritoneal cavity,
allowing time fir exchage (dwell time), then removing the dialysate
complications:
leakage at cath site
s/s of peritonitis :
fever, abd pain, rebound tenderness, n/v, diarrhea, cloudy dialysate solution
dialysate leaks - ANSWER-as with increased intra-abdominal pressure
risks: heavy lifting, large dialysate volumes early after cath insertion, coughing,
straining
, leak can occur from:
-cath exit site
-extravasation into subcutaneous tissue - abd wall edema, perineal edema, penile
edema)
REPORT IMMEDIATELY
treatment: emptying the peritoneal cavity, BR for couple days, dressing change, then
resume PD with small vols
achopraxia - ANSWER-purposeless imitation of movements by other people
PEFR zones - ANSWER-red: below 50% PB
-take supplemental meds
-go to emerg
yellow: 50-80% PB
-take more meds
Green: 80-100% PB
-take normal treatment
complications of peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER-constipation - major cause of poor
draining during the pd procedure
assess BM and avoid constipation
constipation may contribute to peritonitis and cause perforation
ecoli can move across the all of the gi tract and into the peritoneal cavity
pain: may be incisional, abdominal, shoulder, back
-
astrognosis - ANSWER-inability to recognize object by touch
green zone - ANSWER-no signs of asthma
able to do normal activities
no problems while sleeping
yellow zone - ANSWER-cold symptoms
coughing day/night
wheezing day/night
funny feeling in the chest
complications of PD - ANSWER-bleeding after abdomincal surgery - usually not
significant
blood clot can cause catheter obstruction
report bloody dialysate immediately
Answers
hypoplastic left heart syndrome - ANSWER-underdeveloped left heart, hypoplastic
left ventricle and aortic atresia
s/s mild cyanosis, progressive deterioration, decreased .cardiac output leading to
cardiac collapse, fatal in first months of life with no intervention
tx: newborns requires stabilization, ventillation, balloon pumps
surgical
heart transplant, in newborn period
prognosis: 5-30% survival
"single ventricle defect"
mesocortical pathway - schiz - ANSWER-negative symptoms
flat affect, apathy
quick relief Medications for asthma - ANSWER--treat symptoms and exaserbations
short acting b2 agonists
anticholinergics
systemic corticosteroids
nursing management of heart failure - ANSWER-rest, conservation of energy
high metabolic needs, caloric needs, high calorie gavage feeding
DIGOXIN - Milligrams to micrograms
nigrostiatal pathway - ANSWER-EPS AND TD
function of motor control, degeneration associated with parkinsons, and involuntary
psychomotor symptoms
long-acting medications - ANSWER-inhaled corticosteroids
long-acting beta2 agonists
leukotriene modifiers
cromolyn sodium
cromolyn sodium - ANSWER-prevents inflammation
prevents bronchial asthma
prevents bronchospasm
,tuberoinfundibular pathway - ANSWER-associated with endocrine function,
digestion, metabolism, hunger, thirst, temperature
dialysis - ANSWER-bun/cr will move into the dialysate sol, lowering the
concentration in the blood
remember - close to dialysis day labs will be increased
dialysis day, assess meds to be adjusted/held - antihypertensives
peritoneal
or
hemodialysis
leukotriene modifiers - ANSWER-block leukotrienes
manage rhinitis
prevent asthma
goals of dialysis - ANSWER-remove the end products of protein metabolism such as
creatinine and urea
maintain safe concentration of electrolytes
correct acidosis, replenish blood bicarbonate buffer system
remove excess fluid from the blood
avolition - ANSWER-disengagement from social activities or routine activities
negative symptom of schiz
-problems being motivated
anhedonia - ANSWER-lacking joy
leukotrienes - ANSWER-cause tightening of the airway muscles and the production
of excess mucus fluid
hemodialysis - ANSWER-used for acute illness
3x/wk
can be performed at home
access - ANSWER-avf - arteriovenous fistula - vein and artery are fused
-requires 2-3 mnths to mature
-pt encouraged to do hand exercises
arteriovenous graft - piece of biologic or synthetic graft connected to pts artery/vein
,-used in diabetes
-compications - stenosis, infxn, thrombosis
ALERT
-failure of dialysis accounts for most hospital admissions for pts on hemodialysis
-protect the access!
aphasia - ANSWER-problems getting words out
SABA SEs - ANSWER-irritability, tremors, nervousness, insomnia
ICS SEs - ANSWER-cough, thrush, dysphoria
alexithymia - ANSWER-difficulty expressing or identifying emotions within ones self
or others
hemodialysis complications - ANSWER-hypotension
SOB between treatments
bleeding
dysrhythmia
gastric ulcers
disturbance of lipid metabolism cause CV complications over time
renal osteodystrophy
apraxia - ANSWER-difficulty carrying out an organized task
-such as dressing
PEFR - ANSWER-maximum flow of air that can be forcefully expired in 1s
use a flow meter
determine a childs PB, during 2-3 wk period when asthma is stable
child does it 2x/day
peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER-procedure that uses the lining of the peritoneal cavity
as a semipermeable memb for exchange of fluids/solutes
may be treatment for pts whoa re unable to undergo hemodialysis
involves repeated cycles of instilling sterile dialysate into the peritoneal cavity,
allowing time fir exchage (dwell time), then removing the dialysate
complications:
leakage at cath site
s/s of peritonitis :
fever, abd pain, rebound tenderness, n/v, diarrhea, cloudy dialysate solution
dialysate leaks - ANSWER-as with increased intra-abdominal pressure
risks: heavy lifting, large dialysate volumes early after cath insertion, coughing,
straining
, leak can occur from:
-cath exit site
-extravasation into subcutaneous tissue - abd wall edema, perineal edema, penile
edema)
REPORT IMMEDIATELY
treatment: emptying the peritoneal cavity, BR for couple days, dressing change, then
resume PD with small vols
achopraxia - ANSWER-purposeless imitation of movements by other people
PEFR zones - ANSWER-red: below 50% PB
-take supplemental meds
-go to emerg
yellow: 50-80% PB
-take more meds
Green: 80-100% PB
-take normal treatment
complications of peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER-constipation - major cause of poor
draining during the pd procedure
assess BM and avoid constipation
constipation may contribute to peritonitis and cause perforation
ecoli can move across the all of the gi tract and into the peritoneal cavity
pain: may be incisional, abdominal, shoulder, back
-
astrognosis - ANSWER-inability to recognize object by touch
green zone - ANSWER-no signs of asthma
able to do normal activities
no problems while sleeping
yellow zone - ANSWER-cold symptoms
coughing day/night
wheezing day/night
funny feeling in the chest
complications of PD - ANSWER-bleeding after abdomincal surgery - usually not
significant
blood clot can cause catheter obstruction
report bloody dialysate immediately
