PHYS 1010 Exam 1 With correct Answers

PHYS 1010 Exam 1 With correct Answers 1 degree equals how many arcminutes - ANSWER-60' .1' (arcminute) equals how many arcseconds - ANSWER-60" .Absorption - ANSWER-photon's energy is absorbed .absorption spectrum - ANSWER-If a continuous spectrum passes through a cool gas, atoms of the gas will absorb the same frequencies they emit .Acceleration - ANSWER-rate of change in velocity .active optics - ANSWER-control mirrors based on temperature and orientation .adaptive optics - ANSWER-Track atmospheric changes with laser; adjust mirrors in real time .Angualr momentum - ANSWER-rotational momentum of a spinning or orbiting object .Angular resolution - ANSWER-the minimum angular separation that the telescope can distinguish .aphelion - ANSWER-farthest distance from the Sun .Astronomical Distances listed from largest to smallest - ANSWER-1 AU, the size of the solar system, 1 light-year .At what two celestial locations do the celestial equator and ecliptic coincide? - ANSWER-vernal and autumnal equonxes .At which point on Earth will you weigh less - ANSWER-the equator .atmospheric window - ANSWER-a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation which transmit through the Earth's atmosphere .aurora - ANSWER-light photons given off as molecules deexcite from colliding with electrical currents .Axis tilt - ANSWER-key to the seasons, without it, we would not have seasons on Earth .Basic types of energy - ANSWER-Kinetic (motion) Radiative (light) Potential (stored) .best ground based sites for astronomical observation are - ANSWER-calm (not too windy), high up, dark, and dry .blackbody spectrum - ANSWER-Radiation emitted by an object depending only on its temperature .circumpolar star - ANSWER-a star that always remains above the horizon for a particular latitude .Conservation of angular momentum - ANSWER-as long as there is no external torque, the total angular momentum of a set of interacting objects cannot change .Convection - ANSWER-rock movement caused by heat generated by radioactive decay .Corilois Effect - ANSWER-in the absence of any force an object will move in a curved pat over a rotating object .declination - ANSWER-A measure of how far north or south an object is from the celestial equator .Diameter of the Milky Way - ANSWER-100,000 light years .differentiation - ANSWER-densest materials are at the center of the Earth and the least dense at the surface .diffraction limit - ANSWER-limit on angular resolution .dissociation - ANSWER-destruction of a molecule .Doppler shift - ANSWER-change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other .Earth's atmospheric layers - ANSWER-stratosphere - thermosphere - exosphere .eclipse seasons - ANSWER-Periods during which lunar and solar eclipses can occur because the nodes of the Moon's orbit are aligned with Earth and the Sun. .ecliptic - ANSWER-The extension of Earth's path on the celestial sphere, the path of the sun and the planets .Emission energy - ANSWER-when the electron falls to a lower energy level, a photon is emitted .Emission Lines - ANSWER-single frequencies emitted by particular atoms .escape velocity - ANSWER-The velocity an object must reach to fly beyond a planet's or moon's gravitational pull. .estimated temp of the Earth's core - ANSWER-6500K .frequency - ANSWER-number of wave crests that pass a given point per a second .full moon rises at - ANSWER-sunset .Gravitational potential energy - ANSWER- .greenhouse effect - ANSWER-warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere .how can multiple telescopes work together? - ANSWER-Linking multiple telescopes using interferometry enables them to produce the angular resolution of a much larger telescope. .how do we observe invisible light? - ANSWER-- Telescopes for invisible light are usually modified versions of reflecting telescopes. - Many of the telescopes used for observing invisible light are in space. .how does gravity cause tides? - ANSWER-the Moon's gravity stretches Earth and its oceans .How does Newton's law of gravity allow us to extend Kepler's laws? - ANSWER-- applies to objects, not just planets - includes unbound orbit shapes (parabola, hyperbola) - can be used to measure mass of orbiting system .How does the orientation of Earth's axis change with time? - ANSWER-Polaris won't be the north star, position of equinoxes shift around orbit .How long does it take the sun to revolve around the milky way galaxy? - ANSWER-230,000,000 years