NST 103 Midterm 3 (E) UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the 2 key "Ketogenic" intermediates involved in amino acid degradation? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Acetoacetyl-CoA
- Acetyl-CoA
What are the 5 "Glucogenic" intermediates involved in amino acid degradation? (hint: TCA) -
CORRECT ANSWER - - pyruvate
- a-ketoglutarate
- succinyl-coA
- fumarate
- oxaloacetate
Which organs does FA synthesis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - adipose tissue, liver, and
lactating mammary gland
Where does FA synthesis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - cytosol
When does FA synthesis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - when the availability of acetyl CoA
exceeds needs for energy
What are the substrates of FA synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - glucose & amino acids
What is primary carrier of acetyl coA into the cytosol? - CORRECT ANSWER - citrate
Where is Acetyl CoA produced? - CORRECT ANSWER - mitochondria
Can Acetyl CoA cross the inner mitochondrial membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - no
, Where are the transporters for citrate present? - CORRECT ANSWER - mitochondrial
membrnae
List the pathway of pyruvate to FAS (mitochondria --> cytosol) - CORRECT ANSWER -
pyruvate --> acetyl coA --> citrate --> citrate --> OAA + Acetyl-CoA --> FAS
What is the initiation reaction of the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl coA? (name the enzyme
& substrates) - CORRECT ANSWER - - acetyl coA --> acetyl ACP
- enzyme: ACP-SH --> CoA-SH
What is the activation reaction of the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl coA? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - acetyl CoA --> malonyl coA
- enzyme: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) (w/biotin)
______________ elongates _____________ to produce palmitoyl-ACP & it inhibits ________
which keeps FA's in the cytosol. - CORRECT ANSWER - Malonyl-CoA, acetyl-ACP, CPT1
To make one palmitate molecule, how many cycles are required? - CORRECT ANSWER -7
To make 1 palmitate molecule, what are the input molecules of round 1? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 2C acetyl-ACP, malonyl-CoA
For De Novo palmitate synthesis, what are the substrates? (list exact number of them too) -
CORRECT ANSWER - - 1 acetyl coA
- 7 malonyl CoA
- 14 NADPH
- 14 H+
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the 2 key "Ketogenic" intermediates involved in amino acid degradation? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Acetoacetyl-CoA
- Acetyl-CoA
What are the 5 "Glucogenic" intermediates involved in amino acid degradation? (hint: TCA) -
CORRECT ANSWER - - pyruvate
- a-ketoglutarate
- succinyl-coA
- fumarate
- oxaloacetate
Which organs does FA synthesis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - adipose tissue, liver, and
lactating mammary gland
Where does FA synthesis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - cytosol
When does FA synthesis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - when the availability of acetyl CoA
exceeds needs for energy
What are the substrates of FA synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - glucose & amino acids
What is primary carrier of acetyl coA into the cytosol? - CORRECT ANSWER - citrate
Where is Acetyl CoA produced? - CORRECT ANSWER - mitochondria
Can Acetyl CoA cross the inner mitochondrial membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - no
, Where are the transporters for citrate present? - CORRECT ANSWER - mitochondrial
membrnae
List the pathway of pyruvate to FAS (mitochondria --> cytosol) - CORRECT ANSWER -
pyruvate --> acetyl coA --> citrate --> citrate --> OAA + Acetyl-CoA --> FAS
What is the initiation reaction of the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl coA? (name the enzyme
& substrates) - CORRECT ANSWER - - acetyl coA --> acetyl ACP
- enzyme: ACP-SH --> CoA-SH
What is the activation reaction of the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl coA? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - acetyl CoA --> malonyl coA
- enzyme: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) (w/biotin)
______________ elongates _____________ to produce palmitoyl-ACP & it inhibits ________
which keeps FA's in the cytosol. - CORRECT ANSWER - Malonyl-CoA, acetyl-ACP, CPT1
To make one palmitate molecule, how many cycles are required? - CORRECT ANSWER -7
To make 1 palmitate molecule, what are the input molecules of round 1? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 2C acetyl-ACP, malonyl-CoA
For De Novo palmitate synthesis, what are the substrates? (list exact number of them too) -
CORRECT ANSWER - - 1 acetyl coA
- 7 malonyl CoA
- 14 NADPH
- 14 H+
