NST 103 Midterm 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
alpha 1,4 - CORRECT ANSWER - amylose contains this type of glycosidic bond
cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER - bile salts are formed from this type of common lipid
species
monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - High concentrations of _____________ in the gut
lumen will induce GLUT2 trafficking to the apical membrane
GLUT2 - CORRECT ANSWER - A low-affinity (high Km) glucose transporter in hepatocytes
and pancreatic cells that serves as the glucose sensor for insulin release
endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-I and
FABP-L) are responsible for binding and transporting fatty acids to here; also the site of
prechylomicron formation
fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-I and FABP-L) - CORRECT ANSWER - the proteins that
FFAs bind to to cross the plasma membranes
dietary fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - Lowered serum cholesterol levels, delayed gastric
emptying, interference with nutrient absorption, and improved glucose tolerance are all effects of
this in the stomach and small intestine
SGLT - CORRECT ANSWER - sodium-glucose cotransporter for shuttling monosaccharides
secondary active transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Form of active transport which does not
use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration
gradient established by primary active transport. (ex: SGLT)
, facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - the transport of substances through a cell
membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins (ex: GLUT)
GLUT - CORRECT ANSWER - move glucose and related hexose sugars across membranes
trypsin - CORRECT ANSWER - an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the
small intestine. Also is responsible for the activation of Colipase and Phospholipase A2
colipase - CORRECT ANSWER - protein secreted by pancreas that binds lipase, bringing it in
contact with lipid droplets in the small intestine
phospholipase A2 - CORRECT ANSWER - enzyme that splits arachidonic acid from plasma
membrane phospholipids
gastric lipase - CORRECT ANSWER - enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of
triacylglycerol (TAG) in the stomach
linoleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - arachidonic acid is synthesized from this essential
polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-6 family
eicosanoids - CORRECT ANSWER - arachidonic acid is used as a precursor to synthesize
these
prebiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - nondigestible starches that promote the growth of
intestinal bacteria
glucose - CORRECT ANSWER - the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides
the major source of energy for body tissues
amylose - CORRECT ANSWER - a polysaccharide found in plants as one of the two
components of starch (making up approximately 20-30% of the structure)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
alpha 1,4 - CORRECT ANSWER - amylose contains this type of glycosidic bond
cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER - bile salts are formed from this type of common lipid
species
monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - High concentrations of _____________ in the gut
lumen will induce GLUT2 trafficking to the apical membrane
GLUT2 - CORRECT ANSWER - A low-affinity (high Km) glucose transporter in hepatocytes
and pancreatic cells that serves as the glucose sensor for insulin release
endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-I and
FABP-L) are responsible for binding and transporting fatty acids to here; also the site of
prechylomicron formation
fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-I and FABP-L) - CORRECT ANSWER - the proteins that
FFAs bind to to cross the plasma membranes
dietary fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - Lowered serum cholesterol levels, delayed gastric
emptying, interference with nutrient absorption, and improved glucose tolerance are all effects of
this in the stomach and small intestine
SGLT - CORRECT ANSWER - sodium-glucose cotransporter for shuttling monosaccharides
secondary active transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Form of active transport which does not
use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration
gradient established by primary active transport. (ex: SGLT)
, facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - the transport of substances through a cell
membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins (ex: GLUT)
GLUT - CORRECT ANSWER - move glucose and related hexose sugars across membranes
trypsin - CORRECT ANSWER - an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the
small intestine. Also is responsible for the activation of Colipase and Phospholipase A2
colipase - CORRECT ANSWER - protein secreted by pancreas that binds lipase, bringing it in
contact with lipid droplets in the small intestine
phospholipase A2 - CORRECT ANSWER - enzyme that splits arachidonic acid from plasma
membrane phospholipids
gastric lipase - CORRECT ANSWER - enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of
triacylglycerol (TAG) in the stomach
linoleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - arachidonic acid is synthesized from this essential
polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-6 family
eicosanoids - CORRECT ANSWER - arachidonic acid is used as a precursor to synthesize
these
prebiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - nondigestible starches that promote the growth of
intestinal bacteria
glucose - CORRECT ANSWER - the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides
the major source of energy for body tissues
amylose - CORRECT ANSWER - a polysaccharide found in plants as one of the two
components of starch (making up approximately 20-30% of the structure)
