EOSC 114 - FRAGILE SYSTEM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Describe how viscosity and compressibility and fluidity relate to the phase of matter. -
ANSWER-viscosity:
solid - high
liquid - medium
air - low
fluidity:
solid - low
liquid- high
gases - high
compressibility
solid - low
liquids - low
gases - high
***Explain (with examples) how energy conservation applies to natural disasters. -
ANSWER-- energy is conserved when it changes from form to form --> never formed
nor destroyed
- all natural disasters in this course involve motion and kinetic energy
ex:
- kinetic energy of asteroid --> heat (sensible and latent) when it hits earth
- heat causes water to expand (evaporate) into steam (vapour) in the earth's crust which
moves magma some of which rises (increasing PE)
- PE of rocks high on slopes of a volcano is converted into KE when they fall down
during a landslide
***Explain how Earth's carrying capacity and overpopulation are related to the fate of
the human race, and anticipate your role in it. - ANSWER-- we are experiencing the
results of a finite earth already, we have already reached the carrying capacity of earth
- the only way to fix this is social --> talk to people, influence the younger generation so
that when they take over the important roles in society they can make the right
decisions
- bottom line is: we need to limit our population growth or we'll savagely fight for scarce
resources in the future
***Explain why gravity affects motion and energy. (not sure) - ANSWER-gravity is the
force that attracts matters together
, F = m x a (gravitational acceleration)
***List the 5 types of energy, and describe what causes them to vary. - ANSWER-work -
force to move an object a certain distance units; J
PE - energy stored in an object that has mass m and a distance z and against
gravitation pull g
KE - energy of a moving object
sensible heat - heat that we can feel
latent heat - stored heat, released when gas --> liquid (air warmer)
**Be able to diagnose the type of strain by the way a material deforms. - ANSWER-- if it
bounces back to normal after stress removed --> elastic strain/deformation
- if permanent change even if stress removed --> plastic strain
- if breaks --> brittle/ fracture
**Describe relationships between force, pressure, stress, strain, energy, and power. -
ANSWER-
*Explain how recent disasters were associated with the concentration or dilution of
energy. - ANSWER-Earth's history consists of long periods of calm and then brief
localized disasters.
- disasters are associated with concentration of energy into a small area over a period
of time
*Explain what density is and how it relates to stratification - ANSWER-- less dense
materials float on top of denser materials
- materials that make up earth become layered due to density --> i.e. stratified into
layers
- due to stratification, least dense floats to the top (air), most dense sink to the
bottom(rocks) and the middle materials are in the middle (ocean)
*Explain why disaster scales are based on the Order-of-Magnitude concept and
interpret graphs with logarithmic scales. - ANSWER-- if we plotted order of magnitudes
(10^p) against p, using an exponential curve gives us a graph that is really hard to read
because in the beginning of the group the plots are very close to the x axis and then
near the end of the graph, it sky rockets up.
- if we change it to a log scale, we get a linear line which is much easier to read
- ordinate ( y axis) goes by powers of ten
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Describe how viscosity and compressibility and fluidity relate to the phase of matter. -
ANSWER-viscosity:
solid - high
liquid - medium
air - low
fluidity:
solid - low
liquid- high
gases - high
compressibility
solid - low
liquids - low
gases - high
***Explain (with examples) how energy conservation applies to natural disasters. -
ANSWER-- energy is conserved when it changes from form to form --> never formed
nor destroyed
- all natural disasters in this course involve motion and kinetic energy
ex:
- kinetic energy of asteroid --> heat (sensible and latent) when it hits earth
- heat causes water to expand (evaporate) into steam (vapour) in the earth's crust which
moves magma some of which rises (increasing PE)
- PE of rocks high on slopes of a volcano is converted into KE when they fall down
during a landslide
***Explain how Earth's carrying capacity and overpopulation are related to the fate of
the human race, and anticipate your role in it. - ANSWER-- we are experiencing the
results of a finite earth already, we have already reached the carrying capacity of earth
- the only way to fix this is social --> talk to people, influence the younger generation so
that when they take over the important roles in society they can make the right
decisions
- bottom line is: we need to limit our population growth or we'll savagely fight for scarce
resources in the future
***Explain why gravity affects motion and energy. (not sure) - ANSWER-gravity is the
force that attracts matters together
, F = m x a (gravitational acceleration)
***List the 5 types of energy, and describe what causes them to vary. - ANSWER-work -
force to move an object a certain distance units; J
PE - energy stored in an object that has mass m and a distance z and against
gravitation pull g
KE - energy of a moving object
sensible heat - heat that we can feel
latent heat - stored heat, released when gas --> liquid (air warmer)
**Be able to diagnose the type of strain by the way a material deforms. - ANSWER-- if it
bounces back to normal after stress removed --> elastic strain/deformation
- if permanent change even if stress removed --> plastic strain
- if breaks --> brittle/ fracture
**Describe relationships between force, pressure, stress, strain, energy, and power. -
ANSWER-
*Explain how recent disasters were associated with the concentration or dilution of
energy. - ANSWER-Earth's history consists of long periods of calm and then brief
localized disasters.
- disasters are associated with concentration of energy into a small area over a period
of time
*Explain what density is and how it relates to stratification - ANSWER-- less dense
materials float on top of denser materials
- materials that make up earth become layered due to density --> i.e. stratified into
layers
- due to stratification, least dense floats to the top (air), most dense sink to the
bottom(rocks) and the middle materials are in the middle (ocean)
*Explain why disaster scales are based on the Order-of-Magnitude concept and
interpret graphs with logarithmic scales. - ANSWER-- if we plotted order of magnitudes
(10^p) against p, using an exponential curve gives us a graph that is really hard to read
because in the beginning of the group the plots are very close to the x axis and then
near the end of the graph, it sky rockets up.
- if we change it to a log scale, we get a linear line which is much easier to read
- ordinate ( y axis) goes by powers of ten
