Test Bank For Pharmacology Clear and Simple:
A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations,
4th Edition by Cynthia J. Watkins
Chapters 1 - 21
,
,Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology
Pharmacology Clear and Simple- A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations 4th
Edition Watkins Test Bank
1. A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a
computedtomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers
chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a
nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child
as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions
of all three nurses?
A) Pharmacoeconomics
B) Pharmacotherapeutics
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Pharmacokinetics
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved
with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of
pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose
disease.The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The
oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics
includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug
affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
2. A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a
narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain in a motor vehicle accident
victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential. Under
whatcategory would morphine be classified?
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule III
D) Schedule IV
ANSWER: B
, Feedback:
Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs
because of severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse
potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser
abuse potential than II and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs
havelow abuse potential and limited dependence liability.
3. When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities
would the nurse have?
A) Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
B) Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
C) Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
D) Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which
patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking
thedrugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the
information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but
would not conduct research independently because nurses do not
prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the
preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to
participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is
intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and
adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are
usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects
and toxicity.
4. What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for
brandname drugs?
A) Bioavailability
B) Critical concentration
C) Distribution
D) Half-life
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
, Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic
circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic
drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug.
Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ,
which may eliminate a generic drug substitution. Critical concentration is
the amount ofa drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and
should not differ between generic and brand name medications.
Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which involves the
movement of a drug to the bodys tissues and is the same in generic and
brand name drugs. A drugs half-life isthe time it takes for the amount of
drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change when
substituting a generic medication.
5. A nurse is assessing the patients home medication use. After listening to
thepatient list current medications, the nurse asks what priority question?
A) Do you take any generic medications?
B) Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
C) Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
D) Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
ANSWER: D
Feedback:
It is important for the nurse to specifically question use of over-the-counter
medications because patients may not consider them important. The
patient is unlikely to know the meaning of orphan drugs unless they too are
health care providers. Safety during pregnancy, use of a generic medication,
or classification of orphan drugs are things the patient would be unable to
answer but could be found in reference books if the nurse wishes to
researchthem.
6. After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the
nurseknow?
A) Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
B) Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require
ongoingeducation for 5 years.
C) General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for
specificdrug information.
D) The drug actions that are associated with each classification
ofmedication
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
, After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug
information needed for safe and effective medication administration but
willneed to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before
administering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with
new drugs entering the market and new uses for existing drugs identified.
Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. Nurses
tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often,
butthere will always be a need to research new drugs and also those the
nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medications.
7. A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her
fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the
patient?
A) Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no
riskto the fetus.
B) Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there
havebeen no adequate studies in pregnant women.
C) Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there
areno adequate studies in pregnant women.
D) There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from
useof the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to
thefetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant
women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of
pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates
that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to
the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates
that animal studieshave shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no
adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal
risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant
women may outweigh potential risks.
8. Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include
instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment
bythe patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
A) OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
B) OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by
theFood and Drug Administration (FDA).
, C) OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and
cost less.
D) OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
ANSWER: D
Feedback:
It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications
that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that
havebeen determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all
drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may
have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or
they mayhave been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC
education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge
instructions.
9. What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
A) Drug Facts and Comparisons
B) A nurses drug guide
C) A drug package insert
D) The Physicians Drug Reference (PDR)
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
A nurses drug guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching
points that are most useful to nurses in addition to need-to-know drug
information in a very user friendly organizational style.Lippincotts Nursing
Drug Guide (LNDG) has drug monographs organized alphabetically and
includes nursing implications and patient teaching points. Numerous other
drug handbooks are also on the market and readily available for nurses to
use. Although other drug reference books such as Drug Facts and
Comparisons, PDR, and drug package inserts can all provide essential drug
information, they will not contain nursing implications and teaching points
and can be more difficult to use than nurses drug guides.
10. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multidose
bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still
readable.What is the nurses priority action?
A) Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
B) Find the drug information and create a new label for the bottle.
C) Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
D) Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations,
4th Edition by Cynthia J. Watkins
Chapters 1 - 21
,
,Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology
Pharmacology Clear and Simple- A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations 4th
Edition Watkins Test Bank
1. A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a
computedtomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers
chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a
nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child
as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions
of all three nurses?
A) Pharmacoeconomics
B) Pharmacotherapeutics
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Pharmacokinetics
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved
with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of
pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose
disease.The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The
oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics
includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug
affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
2. A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a
narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain in a motor vehicle accident
victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential. Under
whatcategory would morphine be classified?
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule III
D) Schedule IV
ANSWER: B
, Feedback:
Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs
because of severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse
potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser
abuse potential than II and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs
havelow abuse potential and limited dependence liability.
3. When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities
would the nurse have?
A) Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
B) Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
C) Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
D) Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which
patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking
thedrugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the
information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but
would not conduct research independently because nurses do not
prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the
preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to
participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is
intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and
adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are
usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects
and toxicity.
4. What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for
brandname drugs?
A) Bioavailability
B) Critical concentration
C) Distribution
D) Half-life
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
, Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic
circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic
drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug.
Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ,
which may eliminate a generic drug substitution. Critical concentration is
the amount ofa drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and
should not differ between generic and brand name medications.
Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which involves the
movement of a drug to the bodys tissues and is the same in generic and
brand name drugs. A drugs half-life isthe time it takes for the amount of
drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change when
substituting a generic medication.
5. A nurse is assessing the patients home medication use. After listening to
thepatient list current medications, the nurse asks what priority question?
A) Do you take any generic medications?
B) Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
C) Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
D) Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
ANSWER: D
Feedback:
It is important for the nurse to specifically question use of over-the-counter
medications because patients may not consider them important. The
patient is unlikely to know the meaning of orphan drugs unless they too are
health care providers. Safety during pregnancy, use of a generic medication,
or classification of orphan drugs are things the patient would be unable to
answer but could be found in reference books if the nurse wishes to
researchthem.
6. After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the
nurseknow?
A) Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
B) Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require
ongoingeducation for 5 years.
C) General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for
specificdrug information.
D) The drug actions that are associated with each classification
ofmedication
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
, After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug
information needed for safe and effective medication administration but
willneed to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before
administering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with
new drugs entering the market and new uses for existing drugs identified.
Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. Nurses
tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often,
butthere will always be a need to research new drugs and also those the
nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medications.
7. A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her
fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the
patient?
A) Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no
riskto the fetus.
B) Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there
havebeen no adequate studies in pregnant women.
C) Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there
areno adequate studies in pregnant women.
D) There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from
useof the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to
thefetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant
women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of
pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates
that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to
the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates
that animal studieshave shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no
adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal
risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant
women may outweigh potential risks.
8. Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include
instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment
bythe patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
A) OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
B) OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by
theFood and Drug Administration (FDA).
, C) OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and
cost less.
D) OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
ANSWER: D
Feedback:
It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications
that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that
havebeen determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all
drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may
have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or
they mayhave been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC
education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge
instructions.
9. What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
A) Drug Facts and Comparisons
B) A nurses drug guide
C) A drug package insert
D) The Physicians Drug Reference (PDR)
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
A nurses drug guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching
points that are most useful to nurses in addition to need-to-know drug
information in a very user friendly organizational style.Lippincotts Nursing
Drug Guide (LNDG) has drug monographs organized alphabetically and
includes nursing implications and patient teaching points. Numerous other
drug handbooks are also on the market and readily available for nurses to
use. Although other drug reference books such as Drug Facts and
Comparisons, PDR, and drug package inserts can all provide essential drug
information, they will not contain nursing implications and teaching points
and can be more difficult to use than nurses drug guides.
10. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multidose
bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still
readable.What is the nurses priority action?
A) Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
B) Find the drug information and create a new label for the bottle.
C) Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
D) Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
