BIO 121 Exam #4 (Mega-Quiz)- Spring 2024
1. Early scientists interested in how speciation occurs, such as Darwin and Wallace, had
no concrete (detailed) understanding of DNA structure or the mechanisms by which DNA
is replicated and passed to new generations.
a. True
b. False
2. Since evolution is referred to as a “theory,” that means that it is not currently supported by
a wide array of physical and genetic scientific evidence.
a. True
b. False
3. A population consists of all of the organisms of the same species that exist (and interbreed)
in a given geographical area.
a. True
b. False
4. Natural selection takes place because environmental resource limitations dictate that not all
of the offspring of any given species will ultimately survive to reproduce, so individuals must
compete for resources in order to survive.
a. True
b. False
5. An individual, single organism is capable of experiencing evolutionary change (during
the course of its lifetime).
a. True
b. False
6. Which of the following statements would be true?
a. Artificial selection does not tend to produce the same phenotype frequency patterns
in a population that would be produced via natural selection.
b. A trait that serves as a beneficial adaptation in one environment will not
necessarily be advantageous in all other environments.
c. Evolutionary processes will tend to increase the proportion of individuals in a
population carrying “beneficial” alleles, but this process will not necessarily result
in producing “perfect” body structures.
d. all of the above
, 7. Mutations can be harmful or advantageous to the organisms that carry them, depending
upon the environmental circumstances present in their habitats.
a. True
b. False
8. Which of the following represents a condition that would violate Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium?
a. large population size
b. nonrandom (selective) mating
c. no gene flow into or out of a population
d. no mutations occurring
e. none of the above
9. For most natural (wild) populations, it is likely that all of the conditions required for
Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium will be met.
a. True
b. False
10. Large populations would be more likely to exhibit the effects of genetic drift than
small populations.
a. True
b. False
11. You are studying a small population of an endangered fish species that is descended from
just ten individuals who were introduced (one decade ago) into a freshwater stream habitat in
which they had never previously lived. You are concerned about the level of genetic
diversity present in this population because it would provide a textbook example of which of
the following?
a. a bottleneck effect
b. a founder effect
c. gene flow
d. none of the above
12. The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its , and its physical
appearance is referred to as its .
a. phenotype; genotype
b. genotype; phenotype
c. phenotype; phenotype
d. genotype; genotype
1. Early scientists interested in how speciation occurs, such as Darwin and Wallace, had
no concrete (detailed) understanding of DNA structure or the mechanisms by which DNA
is replicated and passed to new generations.
a. True
b. False
2. Since evolution is referred to as a “theory,” that means that it is not currently supported by
a wide array of physical and genetic scientific evidence.
a. True
b. False
3. A population consists of all of the organisms of the same species that exist (and interbreed)
in a given geographical area.
a. True
b. False
4. Natural selection takes place because environmental resource limitations dictate that not all
of the offspring of any given species will ultimately survive to reproduce, so individuals must
compete for resources in order to survive.
a. True
b. False
5. An individual, single organism is capable of experiencing evolutionary change (during
the course of its lifetime).
a. True
b. False
6. Which of the following statements would be true?
a. Artificial selection does not tend to produce the same phenotype frequency patterns
in a population that would be produced via natural selection.
b. A trait that serves as a beneficial adaptation in one environment will not
necessarily be advantageous in all other environments.
c. Evolutionary processes will tend to increase the proportion of individuals in a
population carrying “beneficial” alleles, but this process will not necessarily result
in producing “perfect” body structures.
d. all of the above
, 7. Mutations can be harmful or advantageous to the organisms that carry them, depending
upon the environmental circumstances present in their habitats.
a. True
b. False
8. Which of the following represents a condition that would violate Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium?
a. large population size
b. nonrandom (selective) mating
c. no gene flow into or out of a population
d. no mutations occurring
e. none of the above
9. For most natural (wild) populations, it is likely that all of the conditions required for
Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium will be met.
a. True
b. False
10. Large populations would be more likely to exhibit the effects of genetic drift than
small populations.
a. True
b. False
11. You are studying a small population of an endangered fish species that is descended from
just ten individuals who were introduced (one decade ago) into a freshwater stream habitat in
which they had never previously lived. You are concerned about the level of genetic
diversity present in this population because it would provide a textbook example of which of
the following?
a. a bottleneck effect
b. a founder effect
c. gene flow
d. none of the above
12. The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its , and its physical
appearance is referred to as its .
a. phenotype; genotype
b. genotype; phenotype
c. phenotype; phenotype
d. genotype; genotype
