ANSC 221 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What things in feeds are especially toxic to cats? to dogs? - Answer-Cats: benzoic acid,
Dogs: coffee, tea, chocolate, raisins, grapes, onions, walnuts, macadamia nuts,
mushrooms
Why do cats have such a high protein requirement? - Answer-Limited ability to regulate
catabolic enzymes of amino acid metabolism
What makes feeding horses, cats and dogs (and people) so different in principle from
feeding pigs and cattle? - Answer-companion animals, fed for longevity - not for meat or
milk, a bit more difficult
What is colostrum? Why is it so important young animals have it, and when? - Answer-
Mother's milk - very important for animals to have immediately after birth - especially for
pigs - because they need immunoglobins
Which should be fed more protein, boars, gilts, barrows? Why? - Answer-
BOARS=highest CP and lysine levels to maximize their muscling. We will be selecting
these as sires and want to have them express their full genetic potential without nutrition
limiting them at all.
GILTS need more lysine than BARROWS, for maximum carcass value and also feed
efficiency, so we can save a bit of money by feeding the barrows less lysine.
HIGHEST rqmts for pigs: I agree the neonatal pig has the highest needs relative to
intake, although the lactating sow also has high requirements.
Why and how would you suggest limit feeding gilts and sows? When and why are
growing-finishing pigs limit fed? - Answer-They seem to have NO FEED INTAKE
CONTROL MECHANISM and would become too fat to even reproduce well. Briefly we
feed them individually in stalls (although some animal rights advocates are fighting that
in some places) (but we cannot feed them in groups or the 'boss sows' will get all they
want, and the timid thin ones won't get any); or we feed them at intervals (every 3rd
day); or we feed very low density bulky diets (lots of manure and expense and
unpopular); or we use fancy computer controlled feeders.
For g/f pigs, in the USA we nearly always feed them ad-lib (all they want to eat), but
some places in the world they are fed 90-95% of that to improve feed efficiency and
leanness
, What are the reasons for a different set of considerations for feeding horses from those
used for beef cattle and hogs? - Answer-Cattle hogs grown for meat, horses grown for
athleticism and health/longevity - this makes their nutrition much more difficult
Can horses make use of non-protein nitrogen? cellulose? - Answer-no
How feeding sheep and cattle is similar - Answer-Both need nutrients: Vitamins needed
AED, Minerals needed: Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl. The nutrient needs for both sheep and beef
cattle are influenced by age, body size, body condition, stage of production, milk
production , and weather. Both tend to have energy problems. Sheep can either have
too little energy or too much and beef cattle tend to run out of energy before protein
How feeding sheep and cattle is different - Answer-COPPER IS VERY TOXIC TO
SHEEP, that Ca:P ratio is much more important, sheep have twins making getting
enough energy difficult and making them more susceptible to ketosis, are in gestation a
shorter time and at maintenance longer portion of the year, handle water differently, get
shorn affecting their energy needs.
What specific differences are there to feeding cats? Why? - Answer-Have high protein
rqmts (see other question) don't synthesize niacin from tryptophan due to very active
degradative pathway, can't convert carotene to Vit A, can't convert taurine from cysteine
What differences are there between large and small breeds of dogs? - Answer-Mouth
size - energy rqmts/lb inversely proportional to size: 2.2 lbs need 64 kcal/lb, 22 lbs,
need 32 kcal/lb
What special feeds are used in dog foods and why? eg, why tomato pomice? what
about corn, or other starch foods? - Answer-Starches need to be cooked/heated, tomato
pomice holds water and keeps consistent feces
What are the differences between grasses and legumes? - Answer-Legumes are
dichotomous plants which have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. Most legumes,
primarily, have a tap root. Farmers mainly utilize legumes as a protein source. Legumes
tend to be much more specific in requirements for optimum growth than grasses.
Legumes may be herbaceous or woody. Soybeans, clovers and alfalfa are common
legumes. Improve soil fertility, high Vit A and Ca. Can cause bloat
Grasses are monocots, and lack a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium thus require
external nitrogen sources for growth.. Grasses are usually for energy production:
Bermudagrass, wheat, corn, oats and fescue. Palatable, versatile, low min and vit
content
What prairie grass grows 5 ft tall - Answer-(big bluestem)
What prairie grass is beautiful bronze in autumn? - Answer-(little bluestem)
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What things in feeds are especially toxic to cats? to dogs? - Answer-Cats: benzoic acid,
Dogs: coffee, tea, chocolate, raisins, grapes, onions, walnuts, macadamia nuts,
mushrooms
Why do cats have such a high protein requirement? - Answer-Limited ability to regulate
catabolic enzymes of amino acid metabolism
What makes feeding horses, cats and dogs (and people) so different in principle from
feeding pigs and cattle? - Answer-companion animals, fed for longevity - not for meat or
milk, a bit more difficult
What is colostrum? Why is it so important young animals have it, and when? - Answer-
Mother's milk - very important for animals to have immediately after birth - especially for
pigs - because they need immunoglobins
Which should be fed more protein, boars, gilts, barrows? Why? - Answer-
BOARS=highest CP and lysine levels to maximize their muscling. We will be selecting
these as sires and want to have them express their full genetic potential without nutrition
limiting them at all.
GILTS need more lysine than BARROWS, for maximum carcass value and also feed
efficiency, so we can save a bit of money by feeding the barrows less lysine.
HIGHEST rqmts for pigs: I agree the neonatal pig has the highest needs relative to
intake, although the lactating sow also has high requirements.
Why and how would you suggest limit feeding gilts and sows? When and why are
growing-finishing pigs limit fed? - Answer-They seem to have NO FEED INTAKE
CONTROL MECHANISM and would become too fat to even reproduce well. Briefly we
feed them individually in stalls (although some animal rights advocates are fighting that
in some places) (but we cannot feed them in groups or the 'boss sows' will get all they
want, and the timid thin ones won't get any); or we feed them at intervals (every 3rd
day); or we feed very low density bulky diets (lots of manure and expense and
unpopular); or we use fancy computer controlled feeders.
For g/f pigs, in the USA we nearly always feed them ad-lib (all they want to eat), but
some places in the world they are fed 90-95% of that to improve feed efficiency and
leanness
, What are the reasons for a different set of considerations for feeding horses from those
used for beef cattle and hogs? - Answer-Cattle hogs grown for meat, horses grown for
athleticism and health/longevity - this makes their nutrition much more difficult
Can horses make use of non-protein nitrogen? cellulose? - Answer-no
How feeding sheep and cattle is similar - Answer-Both need nutrients: Vitamins needed
AED, Minerals needed: Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl. The nutrient needs for both sheep and beef
cattle are influenced by age, body size, body condition, stage of production, milk
production , and weather. Both tend to have energy problems. Sheep can either have
too little energy or too much and beef cattle tend to run out of energy before protein
How feeding sheep and cattle is different - Answer-COPPER IS VERY TOXIC TO
SHEEP, that Ca:P ratio is much more important, sheep have twins making getting
enough energy difficult and making them more susceptible to ketosis, are in gestation a
shorter time and at maintenance longer portion of the year, handle water differently, get
shorn affecting their energy needs.
What specific differences are there to feeding cats? Why? - Answer-Have high protein
rqmts (see other question) don't synthesize niacin from tryptophan due to very active
degradative pathway, can't convert carotene to Vit A, can't convert taurine from cysteine
What differences are there between large and small breeds of dogs? - Answer-Mouth
size - energy rqmts/lb inversely proportional to size: 2.2 lbs need 64 kcal/lb, 22 lbs,
need 32 kcal/lb
What special feeds are used in dog foods and why? eg, why tomato pomice? what
about corn, or other starch foods? - Answer-Starches need to be cooked/heated, tomato
pomice holds water and keeps consistent feces
What are the differences between grasses and legumes? - Answer-Legumes are
dichotomous plants which have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. Most legumes,
primarily, have a tap root. Farmers mainly utilize legumes as a protein source. Legumes
tend to be much more specific in requirements for optimum growth than grasses.
Legumes may be herbaceous or woody. Soybeans, clovers and alfalfa are common
legumes. Improve soil fertility, high Vit A and Ca. Can cause bloat
Grasses are monocots, and lack a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium thus require
external nitrogen sources for growth.. Grasses are usually for energy production:
Bermudagrass, wheat, corn, oats and fescue. Palatable, versatile, low min and vit
content
What prairie grass grows 5 ft tall - Answer-(big bluestem)
What prairie grass is beautiful bronze in autumn? - Answer-(little bluestem)
