Test Bank for Prescott's Microbiology, 12th Edition Questions With
Complete Solutions Verified
Archaea - (answer)Cellular organisms that have unique cell membrane lipids.
Extant microorganisms - (answer)Organisms from the fossil record that are no longer
present on Earth today.
Domains - (answer)All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three domains:
Bacteria, Archaea, and the Eukarya.
Viruses - (answer)Not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not
classified as living organisms.
Microbiologists - (answer)Study a variety of organisms, but not all are considered either
Bacteria or Archaea.
Eukaryotes - (answer)All have a membrane-delimited nucleus.
Viruses in biological classification - (answer)Do not constitute the fourth domain of life.
Protists - (answer)Contain all forms of life except fungi.
Cells with complex morphology - (answer)Called eukaryotes, which have a true
membrane-delimited nucleus.
Cells with simple morphology - (answer)Called prokaryotes, which do not have a true
membrane-delimited nucleus.
Ribosomal RNA studies - (answer)Led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the
Bacteria and the Archaea, begun by Woese.
Proteins in modern cells - (answer)Function as both catalysts and structural elements.
Microbiology - (answer)The study of microorganisms.
Nitrogen fixation - (answer)The process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas
from the atmosphere into ammonia.
Methane production - (answer)The process by which certain microorganisms produce
methane as a metabolic byproduct.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis - (answer)Photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen,
typically performed by certain bacteria.
, Central dogma - (answer)The framework describing the flow of genetic information from
DNA to RNA to protein.
Microbial fossils - (answer)Fossils that provide evidence of ancient microbial life, dated
from approximately 4.5 million years ago.
Phylogenetic trees - (answer)Diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships among
various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or
genetic characteristics.
Causative link - (answer)A connection established between a specific microorganism
and a particular disease.
Spontaneous generation - (answer)The concept that living organisms arise from
nonliving material.
Germ theory - (answer)The theory that microorganisms are the cause of many
diseases.
Endospores - (answer)A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria
cells.
Antiseptic surgery - (answer)Surgical procedures that minimize the risk of infection by
using antiseptics.
Humoral immunity - (answer)The aspect of immunity that is mediated by antibodies
produced by B cells.
Koch's postulates - (answer)A series of criteria used to establish a causative link
between a microorganism and a disease.
Microscopy - (answer)The use of microscopes to view small objects that cannot be seen
with the naked eye.
Cell theory - (answer)The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all
cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Biogenesis - (answer)The principle that living organisms are produced only by other
living organisms.
Antitoxins - (answer)Antibodies that neutralize toxins.
Cell-mediated immunity - (answer)An immune response that does not involve antibodies
but rather the activation of phagocytes and T-cells.
Antibiotic immunity - (answer)Resistance to the effects of antibiotics.
Complete Solutions Verified
Archaea - (answer)Cellular organisms that have unique cell membrane lipids.
Extant microorganisms - (answer)Organisms from the fossil record that are no longer
present on Earth today.
Domains - (answer)All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three domains:
Bacteria, Archaea, and the Eukarya.
Viruses - (answer)Not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not
classified as living organisms.
Microbiologists - (answer)Study a variety of organisms, but not all are considered either
Bacteria or Archaea.
Eukaryotes - (answer)All have a membrane-delimited nucleus.
Viruses in biological classification - (answer)Do not constitute the fourth domain of life.
Protists - (answer)Contain all forms of life except fungi.
Cells with complex morphology - (answer)Called eukaryotes, which have a true
membrane-delimited nucleus.
Cells with simple morphology - (answer)Called prokaryotes, which do not have a true
membrane-delimited nucleus.
Ribosomal RNA studies - (answer)Led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the
Bacteria and the Archaea, begun by Woese.
Proteins in modern cells - (answer)Function as both catalysts and structural elements.
Microbiology - (answer)The study of microorganisms.
Nitrogen fixation - (answer)The process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas
from the atmosphere into ammonia.
Methane production - (answer)The process by which certain microorganisms produce
methane as a metabolic byproduct.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis - (answer)Photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen,
typically performed by certain bacteria.
, Central dogma - (answer)The framework describing the flow of genetic information from
DNA to RNA to protein.
Microbial fossils - (answer)Fossils that provide evidence of ancient microbial life, dated
from approximately 4.5 million years ago.
Phylogenetic trees - (answer)Diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships among
various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or
genetic characteristics.
Causative link - (answer)A connection established between a specific microorganism
and a particular disease.
Spontaneous generation - (answer)The concept that living organisms arise from
nonliving material.
Germ theory - (answer)The theory that microorganisms are the cause of many
diseases.
Endospores - (answer)A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria
cells.
Antiseptic surgery - (answer)Surgical procedures that minimize the risk of infection by
using antiseptics.
Humoral immunity - (answer)The aspect of immunity that is mediated by antibodies
produced by B cells.
Koch's postulates - (answer)A series of criteria used to establish a causative link
between a microorganism and a disease.
Microscopy - (answer)The use of microscopes to view small objects that cannot be seen
with the naked eye.
Cell theory - (answer)The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all
cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Biogenesis - (answer)The principle that living organisms are produced only by other
living organisms.
Antitoxins - (answer)Antibodies that neutralize toxins.
Cell-mediated immunity - (answer)An immune response that does not involve antibodies
but rather the activation of phagocytes and T-cells.
Antibiotic immunity - (answer)Resistance to the effects of antibiotics.
