Bushong Chapter 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
All things in the universe have ____ and _____. - Answers Matter, energy
Describe the theory of relativity. - Answers That matter and energy are interchangeable
Who developed the theory of relativity? - Answers Albert Einstein
What is the formula for Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation? - Answers Energy (E) = mass (m) x
speed of light in a vacuum (c)^2
Define matter. - Answers Anything that occupies space and has mass
- The material substance that composes physical objects
Is mass the same as weight? Why or why not? - Answers No, mass is not the same as weight because
weight includes the gravitational pull on the object as well.
List the structures of matter from smallest to largest. - Answers 1) Atom, 2) Element, 3) Molecules, 4)
Chemical compounds
What is an atom? - Answers An atom is the building blocks of matter. It is the smallest particle of any
matter that has the properties of an element.
What is an element? - Answers An element is any quantity of identical atoms that combine to form a
particular element
What is a molecule? - Answers A molecule is atoms of various elements that may combine to form
structures.
What is a chemical compound? - Answers A chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule.
Chemical compounds are created via what type of bonds? - Answers Covalent and ionic bonds
Define covalent bonding. - Answers When two or more atoms share an outer shell electron
Define ionic bonding. - Answers When two or more atoms are bound together because one atom gave
up an outer shell electron.
What does ionic bonding cause? And how? - Answers Ionization, due to the imbalance between positive
and negative charges.
Who has the earliest recorded reference to the atom? - Answers The Greeks.
According to the Greeks matter was composed of what four substances? - Answers 1) Earth, 2) Air, 3)
Water, 4) Fire
, The Greeks believed that matter was a combination of the four substances and what four basic
essences? - Answers 1) Wet, 2) Dry, 3) Hot, 4) Cold
Who developed the 1808 version of the atom? - Answers John Dalton
Describe the Dalton atom. - Answers Dalton suggested elements were made up of identical atoms and
were arranged via hooks and eyes. Each element had atoms with various numbers and sizes of hooks
and eyes and were very different from one another
Who was the first to suggest that elements could be classified according to atomic mass values? -
Answers John Dalton
Who developed the periodic table and in what year? - Answers Dmitri Mendeleev in 1858
What do the periods (rows) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? - Answers They stand
for how many electron shells the atoms have and there are seven of them.
What do the groups (columns) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? - Answers They
stand for how many electrons are in the outer shell and there are eight of them.
In what year did J.J. Thomson develop his atomic model? - Answers The specific year is not know but it is
within the 1890's.
What was new about the Thomson atom? - Answers His atom was the first to mention anything about
electric charges, both of the negative electrons and the positive charges.
Describe J.J. Thomson's atomic model. - Answers This model was also called the plum pudding model
because Thomson believed that the electrons were like the plums in the pudding, spread out through a
mass of positive electrification.
Thomson believed ___ and ___ were equal. - Answers The number of electrons and the quantity of
positive electrical charge.
In what year what the Thomson atom disproved and by whom? - Answers 1911 by Ernest Rutherford.
Describe Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. - Answers Rutherford said the atom has a small, dense
positively charged center called a nucleus and that the nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Who improved Rutherford's nuclear model and in what year? - Answers Neils Bohr in 1913.
What is the Bohr atom described as? - Answers A "miniature solar system"
Describe the Bohr atomic model. - Answers The atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus and
is surrounded by negatively charged electrons that revolve in fixed well-defined orbits around the
nucleus.
Describe the modern atom. - Answers - It is based on Bohr's atom.
All things in the universe have ____ and _____. - Answers Matter, energy
Describe the theory of relativity. - Answers That matter and energy are interchangeable
Who developed the theory of relativity? - Answers Albert Einstein
What is the formula for Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation? - Answers Energy (E) = mass (m) x
speed of light in a vacuum (c)^2
Define matter. - Answers Anything that occupies space and has mass
- The material substance that composes physical objects
Is mass the same as weight? Why or why not? - Answers No, mass is not the same as weight because
weight includes the gravitational pull on the object as well.
List the structures of matter from smallest to largest. - Answers 1) Atom, 2) Element, 3) Molecules, 4)
Chemical compounds
What is an atom? - Answers An atom is the building blocks of matter. It is the smallest particle of any
matter that has the properties of an element.
What is an element? - Answers An element is any quantity of identical atoms that combine to form a
particular element
What is a molecule? - Answers A molecule is atoms of various elements that may combine to form
structures.
What is a chemical compound? - Answers A chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule.
Chemical compounds are created via what type of bonds? - Answers Covalent and ionic bonds
Define covalent bonding. - Answers When two or more atoms share an outer shell electron
Define ionic bonding. - Answers When two or more atoms are bound together because one atom gave
up an outer shell electron.
What does ionic bonding cause? And how? - Answers Ionization, due to the imbalance between positive
and negative charges.
Who has the earliest recorded reference to the atom? - Answers The Greeks.
According to the Greeks matter was composed of what four substances? - Answers 1) Earth, 2) Air, 3)
Water, 4) Fire
, The Greeks believed that matter was a combination of the four substances and what four basic
essences? - Answers 1) Wet, 2) Dry, 3) Hot, 4) Cold
Who developed the 1808 version of the atom? - Answers John Dalton
Describe the Dalton atom. - Answers Dalton suggested elements were made up of identical atoms and
were arranged via hooks and eyes. Each element had atoms with various numbers and sizes of hooks
and eyes and were very different from one another
Who was the first to suggest that elements could be classified according to atomic mass values? -
Answers John Dalton
Who developed the periodic table and in what year? - Answers Dmitri Mendeleev in 1858
What do the periods (rows) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? - Answers They stand
for how many electron shells the atoms have and there are seven of them.
What do the groups (columns) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? - Answers They
stand for how many electrons are in the outer shell and there are eight of them.
In what year did J.J. Thomson develop his atomic model? - Answers The specific year is not know but it is
within the 1890's.
What was new about the Thomson atom? - Answers His atom was the first to mention anything about
electric charges, both of the negative electrons and the positive charges.
Describe J.J. Thomson's atomic model. - Answers This model was also called the plum pudding model
because Thomson believed that the electrons were like the plums in the pudding, spread out through a
mass of positive electrification.
Thomson believed ___ and ___ were equal. - Answers The number of electrons and the quantity of
positive electrical charge.
In what year what the Thomson atom disproved and by whom? - Answers 1911 by Ernest Rutherford.
Describe Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. - Answers Rutherford said the atom has a small, dense
positively charged center called a nucleus and that the nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Who improved Rutherford's nuclear model and in what year? - Answers Neils Bohr in 1913.
What is the Bohr atom described as? - Answers A "miniature solar system"
Describe the Bohr atomic model. - Answers The atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus and
is surrounded by negatively charged electrons that revolve in fixed well-defined orbits around the
nucleus.
Describe the modern atom. - Answers - It is based on Bohr's atom.
