Bushong Chapter 1 Questions and Answers Fully Solved
In a physical analysis, all things can be classified as - Answers matter or energy
Define matter - Answers anything that occupies space and has mass
What is matter composed of? - Answers atoms
Define mass - Answers the quantity of matter contained in any physical object
Define weight - Answers the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity
Mass is measured in what unit - Answers kilograms (kg)
Define potential energy - Answers the ability to do work by virtue of position
Define kinetic energy - Answers the energy of motion
What are the 2 states of energy - Answers potential and kinetic
List 5 forms of energy - Answers chemical, electrical, thermal, nuclear, electromagnetic
What is chemical energy - Answers energy released by a chemical reaction
What is electrical energy - Answers the work that can be done when an electron moves through an
electric potential difference (voltage)
What is thermal energy (heat) - Answers the energy of motion at the molecular level
What is nuclear energy - Answers the energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom
What is electromagnetic energy - Answers the type of energy in x-rays, radio waves, microwaves, and
visible light
T/F: Energy can be transformed from one type to another. - Answers true
What is Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation? - Answers E=mc^2
Define radiation - Answers the transfer of energy through space
Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be - Answers exposed or irradiated
Define ionizing radiation - Answers a special type of radiation that includes x-rays
Define ionization - Answers the removal of an electron from an atom
What is an ion pair - Answers an ionized atom and the electron separated from it
What forms of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionization - Answers gamma, ultraviolet, cosmic,
and x-rays
, What are the 2 main categories for sources of ionizing radiation - Answers natural environmental and
man-made
List the 4 components of natural environmental radiation - Answers cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation,
internally deposited radionuclides, and radon
What are cosmic rays - Answers particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars
What causes terrestrial radiation - Answers deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the
Earth
What is the largest source of natural environmental radiation - Answers radon
What is radon - Answers a radioactive gas produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium
What materials contain radon - Answers concrete, bricks, gypsum wallboard, and other earth-based
materials
What does radon emit - Answers alpha particles
What is the approx. average absorbed dose due to natural environmental radiation at waist level in the
United States - Answers 0.02 to 0.1 microgray/hr
What is the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation - Answers diagnostic x-rays
What percentage of our annual average radiation dose is attributable to medical imaging - Answers 51%
List several other sources of man-made radiation - Answers nuclear power generation, research
applications, industrial sources, and consumer items
List some consumer products that contribute to our annual radiation dose - Answers watch dials, exit
signs, smoke detectors, camping lantern mantles, and airport surveillance systems
How much do consumer products contribute to our annual radiation dose - Answers 0.1 mSv
Who discovered x-rays? - Answers Wilhelm Roentgen
When were x-rays discovered? - Answers November 8, 1895
What type of tube was used in the discovery of x-rays? - Answers crookes tube
What fluorescent material was in Roentgen's lab that glowed in the presence of x-rays - Answers barium
platinocyanide
What prize did Roentgen win for his discovery - Answers the first Nobel Prize in physics in 1901
What was the first radiograph an image of - Answers Roentgen's wife's hand
What are the 3 types of x-ray examinations - Answers radiography, fluoroscopy, and CT
In a physical analysis, all things can be classified as - Answers matter or energy
Define matter - Answers anything that occupies space and has mass
What is matter composed of? - Answers atoms
Define mass - Answers the quantity of matter contained in any physical object
Define weight - Answers the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity
Mass is measured in what unit - Answers kilograms (kg)
Define potential energy - Answers the ability to do work by virtue of position
Define kinetic energy - Answers the energy of motion
What are the 2 states of energy - Answers potential and kinetic
List 5 forms of energy - Answers chemical, electrical, thermal, nuclear, electromagnetic
What is chemical energy - Answers energy released by a chemical reaction
What is electrical energy - Answers the work that can be done when an electron moves through an
electric potential difference (voltage)
What is thermal energy (heat) - Answers the energy of motion at the molecular level
What is nuclear energy - Answers the energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom
What is electromagnetic energy - Answers the type of energy in x-rays, radio waves, microwaves, and
visible light
T/F: Energy can be transformed from one type to another. - Answers true
What is Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation? - Answers E=mc^2
Define radiation - Answers the transfer of energy through space
Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be - Answers exposed or irradiated
Define ionizing radiation - Answers a special type of radiation that includes x-rays
Define ionization - Answers the removal of an electron from an atom
What is an ion pair - Answers an ionized atom and the electron separated from it
What forms of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionization - Answers gamma, ultraviolet, cosmic,
and x-rays
, What are the 2 main categories for sources of ionizing radiation - Answers natural environmental and
man-made
List the 4 components of natural environmental radiation - Answers cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation,
internally deposited radionuclides, and radon
What are cosmic rays - Answers particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars
What causes terrestrial radiation - Answers deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the
Earth
What is the largest source of natural environmental radiation - Answers radon
What is radon - Answers a radioactive gas produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium
What materials contain radon - Answers concrete, bricks, gypsum wallboard, and other earth-based
materials
What does radon emit - Answers alpha particles
What is the approx. average absorbed dose due to natural environmental radiation at waist level in the
United States - Answers 0.02 to 0.1 microgray/hr
What is the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation - Answers diagnostic x-rays
What percentage of our annual average radiation dose is attributable to medical imaging - Answers 51%
List several other sources of man-made radiation - Answers nuclear power generation, research
applications, industrial sources, and consumer items
List some consumer products that contribute to our annual radiation dose - Answers watch dials, exit
signs, smoke detectors, camping lantern mantles, and airport surveillance systems
How much do consumer products contribute to our annual radiation dose - Answers 0.1 mSv
Who discovered x-rays? - Answers Wilhelm Roentgen
When were x-rays discovered? - Answers November 8, 1895
What type of tube was used in the discovery of x-rays? - Answers crookes tube
What fluorescent material was in Roentgen's lab that glowed in the presence of x-rays - Answers barium
platinocyanide
What prize did Roentgen win for his discovery - Answers the first Nobel Prize in physics in 1901
What was the first radiograph an image of - Answers Roentgen's wife's hand
What are the 3 types of x-ray examinations - Answers radiography, fluoroscopy, and CT
