BUSI 418 Research & EBP in Healthcare
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in evidence-
based practice?
A. Expert opinion
B. Cohort studies
C. Randomized controlled trials
D. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
ANS: D. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesize
multiple studies, offering the strongest evidence base.
2. What is the purpose of a PICO framework in research?
©2025
, A. To evaluate statistical significance
B. To structure clinical questions
C. To measure research outcomes
D. To identify confounding variables
ANS: B. To structure clinical questions
Rationale: PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome) helps formulate focused questions for evidence-based
research.
3. Which term refers to research conducted with human
participants aimed at solving real-world problems?
A. Basic research
B. Applied research
C. Translational research
D. Qualitative research
ANS: B. Applied research
Rationale: Applied research directly addresses practical
issues in clinical settings.
4. What is the term for the probability that study results are due to
chance rather than a true effect?
A. Confidence interval
©2025
, B. Statistical significance
C. P-value
D. Sampling bias
ANS: C. P-value
Rationale: P-value quantifies the likelihood that results occur
due to random chance.
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True/False Questions
5. Evidence-based practice integrates clinical expertise, patient
values, and research evidence.
ANS: True
Rationale: Evidence-based practice aims to combine
research, practitioner experience, and patient preferences in
decision-making.
6. Cross-sectional studies involve data collection at multiple time
points to track changes over time.
ANS: False
Rationale: Cross-sectional studies collect data at a single
point in time, not longitudinally.
©2025
, 7. In qualitative research, data analysis focuses on numerical
results and statistical relationships.
ANS: False
Rationale: Qualitative research explores non-numeric data,
emphasizing themes and experiences.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The process of critically appraising research evidence to assess
its validity and applicability is called ________.
ANS: Evidence appraisal
Rationale: Evidence appraisal evaluates the quality and
relevance of research findings for practice.
9. ________ bias occurs when researchers unintentionally
influence the study outcomes.
ANS: Observer bias
Rationale: Observer bias can arise from preconceived notions
or expectations of the researcher.
©2025
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in evidence-
based practice?
A. Expert opinion
B. Cohort studies
C. Randomized controlled trials
D. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
ANS: D. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesize
multiple studies, offering the strongest evidence base.
2. What is the purpose of a PICO framework in research?
©2025
, A. To evaluate statistical significance
B. To structure clinical questions
C. To measure research outcomes
D. To identify confounding variables
ANS: B. To structure clinical questions
Rationale: PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome) helps formulate focused questions for evidence-based
research.
3. Which term refers to research conducted with human
participants aimed at solving real-world problems?
A. Basic research
B. Applied research
C. Translational research
D. Qualitative research
ANS: B. Applied research
Rationale: Applied research directly addresses practical
issues in clinical settings.
4. What is the term for the probability that study results are due to
chance rather than a true effect?
A. Confidence interval
©2025
, B. Statistical significance
C. P-value
D. Sampling bias
ANS: C. P-value
Rationale: P-value quantifies the likelihood that results occur
due to random chance.
---
True/False Questions
5. Evidence-based practice integrates clinical expertise, patient
values, and research evidence.
ANS: True
Rationale: Evidence-based practice aims to combine
research, practitioner experience, and patient preferences in
decision-making.
6. Cross-sectional studies involve data collection at multiple time
points to track changes over time.
ANS: False
Rationale: Cross-sectional studies collect data at a single
point in time, not longitudinally.
©2025
, 7. In qualitative research, data analysis focuses on numerical
results and statistical relationships.
ANS: False
Rationale: Qualitative research explores non-numeric data,
emphasizing themes and experiences.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The process of critically appraising research evidence to assess
its validity and applicability is called ________.
ANS: Evidence appraisal
Rationale: Evidence appraisal evaluates the quality and
relevance of research findings for practice.
9. ________ bias occurs when researchers unintentionally
influence the study outcomes.
ANS: Observer bias
Rationale: Observer bias can arise from preconceived notions
or expectations of the researcher.
©2025
