Bio 1A03 - Theme 4 Study Set Exam
Questions Fully Solved.
How is the process of prokaryotic cell division initiated? - Answer - DNA attaches to the inside
of the plasma membrane by proteins
- replication begins along an origin of replication region of the bacterial chromosome
stem cells - Answer - undifferentiated cells
- can reproduce indefinitely
- are able to differentiate into specialized cells (under appropriate conditions)
- adult stem cells are able to replace non-reproducing specialized cells
What happens when muscle cells undergo injury? - Answer 1. quiescent satellite stem cells are
activated (begin to divide to enable muscle regeneration)
2. activation leads to proliferation
3. leads to commitment to differentiation
4. leads to fusion of myoblasts
5. maturation into myofibre
Interphase: S phase - Answer DNA synthesis
- exact copies of every chromosome are created
- newly synthesized molecules is associated with the histones and other chromosomal proteins
that allow for tight compaction
Interphase: G1 - Answer prep for DNA synthesis
Interphase: G2 - Answer prep for mitosis
Interphase: G0 - Answer pauses cell cycle
- cells in this phase permanently are non-dividing cells
prophase - Answer POLES
, pro-metaphase - Answer POLAR MICROTUBULES
- nuclear envelope starts to break down
- microtubules attach to chromosomes
metaphase - Answer MIDDLE
- chromosomes align at the middle
- kinetochore microtubules facilitate the alignment
anaphase - Answer APART
- sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles
- kinetochore microtubules begin to shorten
- polar microtubules help elongate the cell
telophase - Answer TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS
- nuclear envelope reforms
- chromosomes DEcondense
- spindle microtubules are broken down
cytokinesis - Answer CLEAVAGE
- contractile ring forms (made up of motor proteins)
- defined cleavage furrow forms
cyclin - Answer - increases and decreases with each subsequent cell division
- cyclin levels are highest in metaphase, decrease in telophase
cyclin-CDK - Answer - control the progression of the cell cycle
- phosphorylate target proteins involved in promoting cell division
G1/S cyclin-CDK complex - Answer - prepares cell for DNA replication
- increases the expression of histone proteins
Questions Fully Solved.
How is the process of prokaryotic cell division initiated? - Answer - DNA attaches to the inside
of the plasma membrane by proteins
- replication begins along an origin of replication region of the bacterial chromosome
stem cells - Answer - undifferentiated cells
- can reproduce indefinitely
- are able to differentiate into specialized cells (under appropriate conditions)
- adult stem cells are able to replace non-reproducing specialized cells
What happens when muscle cells undergo injury? - Answer 1. quiescent satellite stem cells are
activated (begin to divide to enable muscle regeneration)
2. activation leads to proliferation
3. leads to commitment to differentiation
4. leads to fusion of myoblasts
5. maturation into myofibre
Interphase: S phase - Answer DNA synthesis
- exact copies of every chromosome are created
- newly synthesized molecules is associated with the histones and other chromosomal proteins
that allow for tight compaction
Interphase: G1 - Answer prep for DNA synthesis
Interphase: G2 - Answer prep for mitosis
Interphase: G0 - Answer pauses cell cycle
- cells in this phase permanently are non-dividing cells
prophase - Answer POLES
, pro-metaphase - Answer POLAR MICROTUBULES
- nuclear envelope starts to break down
- microtubules attach to chromosomes
metaphase - Answer MIDDLE
- chromosomes align at the middle
- kinetochore microtubules facilitate the alignment
anaphase - Answer APART
- sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles
- kinetochore microtubules begin to shorten
- polar microtubules help elongate the cell
telophase - Answer TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS
- nuclear envelope reforms
- chromosomes DEcondense
- spindle microtubules are broken down
cytokinesis - Answer CLEAVAGE
- contractile ring forms (made up of motor proteins)
- defined cleavage furrow forms
cyclin - Answer - increases and decreases with each subsequent cell division
- cyclin levels are highest in metaphase, decrease in telophase
cyclin-CDK - Answer - control the progression of the cell cycle
- phosphorylate target proteins involved in promoting cell division
G1/S cyclin-CDK complex - Answer - prepares cell for DNA replication
- increases the expression of histone proteins
