NSG 530- Exam 3 Wilkes
g g g g
1. Rolegofgdigestivegsystem:gproducegenergygfromgfoodgingested,gtransferg
energy-
richgnutrients,gwater,gandgelectrolytesgintogthegbody'sginternalgenvironmen
t
2. gastrointestinalgtractgcomponents:gmouth,gesophagus,gstomach,gsmallg
intestine,glargegintestine,grectum,ganus
3. functionsgofgtheggastrointestinalgsystem:gmovement,gsecretion,gdigestion,g
andgabsorption
4. alimentarygcanal:gGIgtract-
digestivegtubegthatgextendsgfromgthegmouthgtogtheganusgsingleghallowgtube
5. Layersgofgtheggastrointestinalgtract:gmucosa(outermost),gsubmucosa,
gmuscularis,gserosa/adventitiag(innermost)
6. entericg(intramural)gplexus:gcontrolsgmobility,gsecretion,gsensationgandgbloodg
flow
7. functionsgofgsaliva:glubrication,gantibacterialgaction,gpHgregulation,g
thermoregulation,genzymaticgdigestion
8. phasesgofgswallowing:goropharyngealgandgesophageal
9. oropharyngealgswallowing:gvoluntaryg(striated)gfoodgformedgintogbolusgandg
forcedgtowardsgpharynx
10. esophagealgswallowing:ginvoluntaryg(smoothgmuscle)gfoodgbolusgentersg
esophagus,gperistalsisgoccursgtogmovegfoodgdowngtoglowergesophagealgsp
hincter
11. howgmanygpermanentgteethgaregtheregingadults:g32
12. threegpairsgofgsalivarygglands:gparotidgglands,gsublingualgglands,g
submandibulargglands
13. SalivaghasgagpHgof:gaboutg7.4,gusedgtogneutralizegbacterialgacidsgandgpreventsg
toothgdecay
14. mucin:gstickygmucusgthatglinesgdigestivegandgrespiratorygtractgtrapsg
microorganisms-gprovidesglubrication
15. uppergesophagealgsphincter:gKeepsgairgfromgenteringgthegesophagusgduringg
respiration
16. lowergesophagealgsphincter:gPreventsgregurgitationgfromgthegstomachgandg
causticginjurygtogthegesophagus
17. Functionsgofgthegstomach:gstoresgfood
1g/g32
, .
secretesgdigestivegjuicesg
mixesgfoodgwithgthegjuices
propelsgpartiallygdigestedgfoodg(chyme)gintogduodenum
18. Chyme:gPartiallygdigested,gsemiliquidgfoodgmixedgwithgdigestivegenzymesgandg
acidsgingthegstomach.
19. functionalgareasgofgthegstomach:gthegfundusg(uppergportion),gbodyg(middleg
portion),gandgantrumg(lowergportion).
20. cardiacgorifice:gopeninggbetweengesophagusgandgstomach
21gpyloricgsphincter:gringgofgmusclegthatgguardsgthegopeninggbetweengthegstomac
hgandgthegduodenum
22. pylorus:gdistalgregiongofgthegstomach,gopeninggtogthegduodenum
23. Thegstomachghasgthreeglayersgofgmuscle:g-
glongitudinal,gcircular,gandgobliqueg(mostgprominent)
24. rugae:gthegfoldsgingthegmucosaglininggthegstomach
25. thegstomachgisgimpermeablegtogwhat?:gwater,gbutgcangabsorbgalcoholgandg
aspiringasgtheygareglipidgsoluble.
26. bloodgtogstomachgisgsuppliedgbyg ?:gceliacgartery-gabundant!
27. Threegphasesgofggastricgsecretion:
1. cephalicgphase
2. gastricgphase
3. intestinalgphase
28. Motilin:gincreasesgperistalsis
29. Secretin:gdecreasesgperistalsis
30. Gastricgmixinggandgemptying:g-gRetropulsion
-gRategdependentgongvolume,gosmoticgpressure,gandgchemicalgcomposition
31. Stimulationgofggastricgsecretion:g-Eating
-Gastrin
-Paracrinegpathways
-Acetylcholine
-Chemicals
--Ethanol,gcoffee,gprotein
32. intrinsicgfactor:gmakesgthegabsorptiongofgvitamingB12ghappen
33. gastroferritin:gbindsgFe2+gandgtransportsgitgtogsmallgintestine
34. phasesgofggastricgsecretion:
2g/g32
, .
1. cephalicgphase
2. gastricgphase
3. intestinalgphase
35. Gastricgjuicesginclude:g-gPepsin,gangenzymegthatgdigestsgprotein
- OthergEnzymes
- HydrochloricgAcid
- Mucus
- Salts
- Water
36. acidgplaysgwhatgroleginggastricgsecretion?:gdissolvesgfoodgfibers,gactgasg
bactericide,gconvertgpepsinogengtogpepsin
37. Pepsin:gEnzymegthatgbreaksgdowngproteinsgingthegstomachgsecretedgbygchiefg
cells
38. Mucousgingstomach:gProtectsgstomachgcellsgfromggastricgjuices
39gsmallgintestine:gDigestivegorgangwheregmostgchemicalgdigestiongandgabsorptio
ngofgfoodgtakesgplace
40. Threegsectionsgofgthegsmallgintestine:g1.gDuodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
41. ileocecalgvalve:gvalvegbetweengthegileumgofgthegsmallgintestinegandgtheg
cecumgofgtheglargegintestine
42. peritoneum:gDouble-layeredgmembranegsurroundinggthegabdominalgorgans
43. mesentery:gagfusedgdoubleglayergofgthegparietalgperitoneumgthatgattachesgpartsg
ofgthegintestinegtogtheginteriorgabdominalgwall
44. duodenum:gfirstgpartgofgthegsmallgintestine-
gsuppliedgbygtheggastroduodenalgartery
45. jejunum:gsecondgpartgofgthegsmallgintestine-suppliedgbygmesenterygartery
46. ileum:gtheglastgandglongestgportiongofgthegsmallgintestine-
suppliedgbygmesenterygartery
47. myentericgplexus:gcontrolsggastrointestinalgmotility
48. Twoglayersgofgsmallgintestine:glongitudinalg(outer)gandgcircularg(inner)g49.
absorptiongthroughgvilli::genterocytesgmicrovilligbrushgborderglaminagpropriaglac
eal
cryptsgofgLieberkühn
3g/g32
, .
50. IntestinalgDigestiongandgAbsorption:g-hydrochloricgacidg-pepsin
-pancreaticgenzymes
-intestinalgenzymes
-bilegsalts
51. CryptsgofgLieberkuhn:gGlandsglocatedgatgthegbasegofgthegintestinalg
villusg52.greflexesgthatginhibitgintestinalgmotility:gileogastricgreflex,ginte
stinointestinalgreflux,ggastroilealgreflex
53. Peristalsis:gInvoluntarygwavesgofgmusclegcontractiongthatgkeepgfoodgmovingg
alonggingonegdirectiongthroughgthegdigestivegsystem.
54. largegintestine:gTheglastgsectiongofgthegdigestivegsystem,gwheregwatergisg
absorbedgfromgfoodgandgthegremaininggmaterialgisgeliminatedgfromgthegbody
55. Partsgofgtheglargegintestinegingorder:gcecum,gascendinggcolon,gtransverseg
colon,gdescendinggcolon,gsigmoidgcolon,grectum,ganalgcanal
56. teniaegcoligofgtheglargegintestine:gthreegbandsgofglongitudinalgsmoothg
musclegingmuscularis
57ghaustralgcontractions:gcirculargmusclesgofgthegcolon
mostgcontractionsgofgcolon,gwhereghaustragsequentiallygcontractgingresponsegtogdisten
ion
Slowgsegmentinggmovements,gmostlygingascendinggandgtransversegcolon
58. superiorgmesentericgartery:glargegabdominalgartery;gfeedglargegandgsmallg
intestine
59. Valsalvagmaneuver:gforciblegexhalationgagainstgagclosedgglottis,gresultingging
increasedgintrathoracicgpressure
60. Rolegofgbacterialgflora:g-fermentgundigestiblegcarbohydratesg(cellulose)
-synthesizegvitaminsgBgandgK
-releasegagmixturegofggasesg(flatus)
-decomposegbilirubingtoggivegfecesgbrowngcolor
-isgagdesirablegcomponent
61. epinephrinegandgexogenousgopioids:ginhibitgcontractilegactivity
62. GALT:ggutgassociatedglymphoidgtissue
63. GALTsgrole:gmajorgrolegingimmunegdefensesgbygkillinggmanygmicroorganisms
64. mucosalgsecretionsgingthegGIgsystem:gproducegIgAgantibodies
65. intestinalgmicrobiome:gNumbersgofgbacteriagincreasegfromgproximalgtogdistalg
GIgtract
4g/g32
g g g g
1. Rolegofgdigestivegsystem:gproducegenergygfromgfoodgingested,gtransferg
energy-
richgnutrients,gwater,gandgelectrolytesgintogthegbody'sginternalgenvironmen
t
2. gastrointestinalgtractgcomponents:gmouth,gesophagus,gstomach,gsmallg
intestine,glargegintestine,grectum,ganus
3. functionsgofgtheggastrointestinalgsystem:gmovement,gsecretion,gdigestion,g
andgabsorption
4. alimentarygcanal:gGIgtract-
digestivegtubegthatgextendsgfromgthegmouthgtogtheganusgsingleghallowgtube
5. Layersgofgtheggastrointestinalgtract:gmucosa(outermost),gsubmucosa,
gmuscularis,gserosa/adventitiag(innermost)
6. entericg(intramural)gplexus:gcontrolsgmobility,gsecretion,gsensationgandgbloodg
flow
7. functionsgofgsaliva:glubrication,gantibacterialgaction,gpHgregulation,g
thermoregulation,genzymaticgdigestion
8. phasesgofgswallowing:goropharyngealgandgesophageal
9. oropharyngealgswallowing:gvoluntaryg(striated)gfoodgformedgintogbolusgandg
forcedgtowardsgpharynx
10. esophagealgswallowing:ginvoluntaryg(smoothgmuscle)gfoodgbolusgentersg
esophagus,gperistalsisgoccursgtogmovegfoodgdowngtoglowergesophagealgsp
hincter
11. howgmanygpermanentgteethgaregtheregingadults:g32
12. threegpairsgofgsalivarygglands:gparotidgglands,gsublingualgglands,g
submandibulargglands
13. SalivaghasgagpHgof:gaboutg7.4,gusedgtogneutralizegbacterialgacidsgandgpreventsg
toothgdecay
14. mucin:gstickygmucusgthatglinesgdigestivegandgrespiratorygtractgtrapsg
microorganisms-gprovidesglubrication
15. uppergesophagealgsphincter:gKeepsgairgfromgenteringgthegesophagusgduringg
respiration
16. lowergesophagealgsphincter:gPreventsgregurgitationgfromgthegstomachgandg
causticginjurygtogthegesophagus
17. Functionsgofgthegstomach:gstoresgfood
1g/g32
, .
secretesgdigestivegjuicesg
mixesgfoodgwithgthegjuices
propelsgpartiallygdigestedgfoodg(chyme)gintogduodenum
18. Chyme:gPartiallygdigested,gsemiliquidgfoodgmixedgwithgdigestivegenzymesgandg
acidsgingthegstomach.
19. functionalgareasgofgthegstomach:gthegfundusg(uppergportion),gbodyg(middleg
portion),gandgantrumg(lowergportion).
20. cardiacgorifice:gopeninggbetweengesophagusgandgstomach
21gpyloricgsphincter:gringgofgmusclegthatgguardsgthegopeninggbetweengthegstomac
hgandgthegduodenum
22. pylorus:gdistalgregiongofgthegstomach,gopeninggtogthegduodenum
23. Thegstomachghasgthreeglayersgofgmuscle:g-
glongitudinal,gcircular,gandgobliqueg(mostgprominent)
24. rugae:gthegfoldsgingthegmucosaglininggthegstomach
25. thegstomachgisgimpermeablegtogwhat?:gwater,gbutgcangabsorbgalcoholgandg
aspiringasgtheygareglipidgsoluble.
26. bloodgtogstomachgisgsuppliedgbyg ?:gceliacgartery-gabundant!
27. Threegphasesgofggastricgsecretion:
1. cephalicgphase
2. gastricgphase
3. intestinalgphase
28. Motilin:gincreasesgperistalsis
29. Secretin:gdecreasesgperistalsis
30. Gastricgmixinggandgemptying:g-gRetropulsion
-gRategdependentgongvolume,gosmoticgpressure,gandgchemicalgcomposition
31. Stimulationgofggastricgsecretion:g-Eating
-Gastrin
-Paracrinegpathways
-Acetylcholine
-Chemicals
--Ethanol,gcoffee,gprotein
32. intrinsicgfactor:gmakesgthegabsorptiongofgvitamingB12ghappen
33. gastroferritin:gbindsgFe2+gandgtransportsgitgtogsmallgintestine
34. phasesgofggastricgsecretion:
2g/g32
, .
1. cephalicgphase
2. gastricgphase
3. intestinalgphase
35. Gastricgjuicesginclude:g-gPepsin,gangenzymegthatgdigestsgprotein
- OthergEnzymes
- HydrochloricgAcid
- Mucus
- Salts
- Water
36. acidgplaysgwhatgroleginggastricgsecretion?:gdissolvesgfoodgfibers,gactgasg
bactericide,gconvertgpepsinogengtogpepsin
37. Pepsin:gEnzymegthatgbreaksgdowngproteinsgingthegstomachgsecretedgbygchiefg
cells
38. Mucousgingstomach:gProtectsgstomachgcellsgfromggastricgjuices
39gsmallgintestine:gDigestivegorgangwheregmostgchemicalgdigestiongandgabsorptio
ngofgfoodgtakesgplace
40. Threegsectionsgofgthegsmallgintestine:g1.gDuodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
41. ileocecalgvalve:gvalvegbetweengthegileumgofgthegsmallgintestinegandgtheg
cecumgofgtheglargegintestine
42. peritoneum:gDouble-layeredgmembranegsurroundinggthegabdominalgorgans
43. mesentery:gagfusedgdoubleglayergofgthegparietalgperitoneumgthatgattachesgpartsg
ofgthegintestinegtogtheginteriorgabdominalgwall
44. duodenum:gfirstgpartgofgthegsmallgintestine-
gsuppliedgbygtheggastroduodenalgartery
45. jejunum:gsecondgpartgofgthegsmallgintestine-suppliedgbygmesenterygartery
46. ileum:gtheglastgandglongestgportiongofgthegsmallgintestine-
suppliedgbygmesenterygartery
47. myentericgplexus:gcontrolsggastrointestinalgmotility
48. Twoglayersgofgsmallgintestine:glongitudinalg(outer)gandgcircularg(inner)g49.
absorptiongthroughgvilli::genterocytesgmicrovilligbrushgborderglaminagpropriaglac
eal
cryptsgofgLieberkühn
3g/g32
, .
50. IntestinalgDigestiongandgAbsorption:g-hydrochloricgacidg-pepsin
-pancreaticgenzymes
-intestinalgenzymes
-bilegsalts
51. CryptsgofgLieberkuhn:gGlandsglocatedgatgthegbasegofgthegintestinalg
villusg52.greflexesgthatginhibitgintestinalgmotility:gileogastricgreflex,ginte
stinointestinalgreflux,ggastroilealgreflex
53. Peristalsis:gInvoluntarygwavesgofgmusclegcontractiongthatgkeepgfoodgmovingg
alonggingonegdirectiongthroughgthegdigestivegsystem.
54. largegintestine:gTheglastgsectiongofgthegdigestivegsystem,gwheregwatergisg
absorbedgfromgfoodgandgthegremaininggmaterialgisgeliminatedgfromgthegbody
55. Partsgofgtheglargegintestinegingorder:gcecum,gascendinggcolon,gtransverseg
colon,gdescendinggcolon,gsigmoidgcolon,grectum,ganalgcanal
56. teniaegcoligofgtheglargegintestine:gthreegbandsgofglongitudinalgsmoothg
musclegingmuscularis
57ghaustralgcontractions:gcirculargmusclesgofgthegcolon
mostgcontractionsgofgcolon,gwhereghaustragsequentiallygcontractgingresponsegtogdisten
ion
Slowgsegmentinggmovements,gmostlygingascendinggandgtransversegcolon
58. superiorgmesentericgartery:glargegabdominalgartery;gfeedglargegandgsmallg
intestine
59. Valsalvagmaneuver:gforciblegexhalationgagainstgagclosedgglottis,gresultingging
increasedgintrathoracicgpressure
60. Rolegofgbacterialgflora:g-fermentgundigestiblegcarbohydratesg(cellulose)
-synthesizegvitaminsgBgandgK
-releasegagmixturegofggasesg(flatus)
-decomposegbilirubingtoggivegfecesgbrowngcolor
-isgagdesirablegcomponent
61. epinephrinegandgexogenousgopioids:ginhibitgcontractilegactivity
62. GALT:ggutgassociatedglymphoidgtissue
63. GALTsgrole:gmajorgrolegingimmunegdefensesgbygkillinggmanygmicroorganisms
64. mucosalgsecretionsgingthegGIgsystem:gproducegIgAgantibodies
65. intestinalgmicrobiome:gNumbersgofgbacteriagincreasegfromgproximalgtogdistalg
GIgtract
4g/g32
