Nutrition Through the Life Cycle -
Chapter 7 EXAM CORRECT ANSWERS
Key to successful breastfeeding management - CORRECT ANSWER-•For the mother-
infant breastfeeding pair to receive informed, consistent, and individualized support from
health care professionals
Common Breastfeeding Conditions - CORRECT ANSWER--Sore, flat or inverted
nipples
-Letdown failure
-Hyperactive letdown
-Hyperlactation
-Engorgement
-Plugged duct
-Mastitis (Infection)
-Low milk supply
Sore Nipples - CORRECT ANSWER-•Second highest reason mothers list for
discontinuation of breastfeeding
•Early, mild discomfort is common
•Usually subsides after first week but can continue for 1 month post-partum
•May be prevented by proper positioning of baby on breast
•Mother's nipple approximates to the junction of the hard and soft palate
•So far back that it is beyond reach of the tongue compression wave
Flat or Inverted Nipples - CORRECT ANSWER-•Should not impact breastfeeding if the
latch is correct
•If difficult to latch: roll nipple between fingers or use a breast pump prior to feeding
•Helps to draw out the nipple
Letdown Failure - CORRECT ANSWER-milk does not eject from the breast
-not common
-oxytocin nasal spray may be prescribed
-relaxation techniques may help enhance letdown.
Hyperactive Letdown - CORRECT ANSWER-•Streams of milk come from breast
•If too active, may cause infant to cough, choke, or gulp
, •Management:
•Wait for milk flow to slow down before putting the infant to the breast
•Express milk until the flow slows then allow infant to nurse
Hyperlactation - CORRECT ANSWER-•Milk volume produced exceeds intake
•Symptoms in mother:
•Breasts not drained completely or plugged ducts
•Leaking between feedings
•Pain with letdown or deep in breast
•Symptoms in baby:
•Spitting up
•Poor weight gain
•Difficulty maintaining latch
Hyperlactation management - CORRECT ANSWER-reduce production
-nurse baby on one side only and express for comfort on the other
-cabbage leaves or cold compresses may be used to decrease production.
Engorgement - CORRECT ANSWER--breasts are overfilled with milk
>results when supply-and-demand process is not yet established and milk is abundant
Best prevention: nurse frequently
- newborns may nurse every hour and a half
- cabbage leaves may be used to reduce discomfort
plugged duct - CORRECT ANSWER-•Localized blockage of milk resulting from milk
stasis
•Caused by milk staying in the ducts
•Painful knot may form in breast
•Treated by massage and warm compress
•Prevented by complete emptying of breasts and changing position of infant while
feeding
mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the breast.
•May be infective or non-infective
•Occurs in one to 33 percent of breastfeeding women
•Most common at two to three weeks after birth
•May result from sore or cracked nipples or missing a feeding
low milk supply - CORRECT ANSWER-•Most common reason for cessation of
breastfeeding
•May be real or perceived
•Causes: ineffective emptying or breast or stress
•Management
•Nurse or pump every two to three hours during day and once at night
•Galactogogue may be prescribed ( a food or drug that increases the flow of a mother's
milk )
Chapter 7 EXAM CORRECT ANSWERS
Key to successful breastfeeding management - CORRECT ANSWER-•For the mother-
infant breastfeeding pair to receive informed, consistent, and individualized support from
health care professionals
Common Breastfeeding Conditions - CORRECT ANSWER--Sore, flat or inverted
nipples
-Letdown failure
-Hyperactive letdown
-Hyperlactation
-Engorgement
-Plugged duct
-Mastitis (Infection)
-Low milk supply
Sore Nipples - CORRECT ANSWER-•Second highest reason mothers list for
discontinuation of breastfeeding
•Early, mild discomfort is common
•Usually subsides after first week but can continue for 1 month post-partum
•May be prevented by proper positioning of baby on breast
•Mother's nipple approximates to the junction of the hard and soft palate
•So far back that it is beyond reach of the tongue compression wave
Flat or Inverted Nipples - CORRECT ANSWER-•Should not impact breastfeeding if the
latch is correct
•If difficult to latch: roll nipple between fingers or use a breast pump prior to feeding
•Helps to draw out the nipple
Letdown Failure - CORRECT ANSWER-milk does not eject from the breast
-not common
-oxytocin nasal spray may be prescribed
-relaxation techniques may help enhance letdown.
Hyperactive Letdown - CORRECT ANSWER-•Streams of milk come from breast
•If too active, may cause infant to cough, choke, or gulp
, •Management:
•Wait for milk flow to slow down before putting the infant to the breast
•Express milk until the flow slows then allow infant to nurse
Hyperlactation - CORRECT ANSWER-•Milk volume produced exceeds intake
•Symptoms in mother:
•Breasts not drained completely or plugged ducts
•Leaking between feedings
•Pain with letdown or deep in breast
•Symptoms in baby:
•Spitting up
•Poor weight gain
•Difficulty maintaining latch
Hyperlactation management - CORRECT ANSWER-reduce production
-nurse baby on one side only and express for comfort on the other
-cabbage leaves or cold compresses may be used to decrease production.
Engorgement - CORRECT ANSWER--breasts are overfilled with milk
>results when supply-and-demand process is not yet established and milk is abundant
Best prevention: nurse frequently
- newborns may nurse every hour and a half
- cabbage leaves may be used to reduce discomfort
plugged duct - CORRECT ANSWER-•Localized blockage of milk resulting from milk
stasis
•Caused by milk staying in the ducts
•Painful knot may form in breast
•Treated by massage and warm compress
•Prevented by complete emptying of breasts and changing position of infant while
feeding
mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the breast.
•May be infective or non-infective
•Occurs in one to 33 percent of breastfeeding women
•Most common at two to three weeks after birth
•May result from sore or cracked nipples or missing a feeding
low milk supply - CORRECT ANSWER-•Most common reason for cessation of
breastfeeding
•May be real or perceived
•Causes: ineffective emptying or breast or stress
•Management
•Nurse or pump every two to three hours during day and once at night
•Galactogogue may be prescribed ( a food or drug that increases the flow of a mother's
milk )
