Wildland Firefighting Module 1

WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING MODULE 1:
S-130




Origin65-65answer--
The65area65where65the65fire65started.65It65is65also65the65point65from65which65the65fire65sp
reads,65depending65on65the65fuels65present65and65the65effects65of65wind65and65slope.

Head65-65answer--
The65part65of65a65wildland65fire65with65the65greatest65forward65rate65of65spread65(ROS).6
5The65head65of65a65fire65often65burns65intensely65and65may65move65with65alarming65spe
ed.65Some65large65fires65may65have65multiple65heads.

Fingers65-65answer--
long,65narrow65strips65of65fire65that65extend65from65the65main65body65of65a65fire.65
They65form:
-
When65a65fire65burns65into65mixed65fuels;65slowing65in65heavy65fuel,65but65spreading65qu
ickly65in65light65fuels
-Due65to65variations65in65terrain65or65wind65direction
-
When65the65head65is65split65by65natural65features65such65as65fields,65water,65or65rock65o
utcroppings

Pocket65-65answer--The65unburned65area65between65the65main65fire65and65any65fingers.

Perimeter65-65answer--the65outer65boundary—
or65the65distance65around65the65outside65edge—
of65the65burning65or65burned65area.65Also65commonly65called65the65fire65edge

Rear65-65answer--or65heel,65of65a65wildland65fire65is65the65end65opposite65the65head—
that65is,65relatively65closer65to65the65point65of65origin65than65to65the65head.
Burns65with65low65intensity
Has65a65low65rate65of65spread65(ROS)

, Is65generally65easier65to65control65than65the65head

Flanks65-65answer--
The65sides65of65a65wildland65fire,65roughly65parallel65to65the65main65direction65of65fire65s
pread.65Flanks65are65identified65as65either65left65or65right65as65you65are65looking65from65t
he65heel65of65a65fire65toward65the65head.

Islands65-65answer--
Unburned65areas65inside65the65fire65perimeter.65Because65they65are65unburned65potenti
al65fuels,65patrol65them65frequently65and65check65for65spot65fires.

Slopover65-65answer--
Fire65edge65that65crosses65a65control65line.65Also65called65Breakover.

Natural65Barrier65-65answer--
Any65area65where65lack65of65flammable65material65obstructs65the65spread65of65wildland6
5fires.


Contain65-65answer--
To65take65suppression65action65that65can65reasonably65be65expected65to65check65the65fi
re65spread65under65prevailing65and65predicted65conditions.65Also65called65Containment.

The65Green65-65answer--
Area65of65unburned65fuels,65not65necessarily65green65in65color,65adjacent65to65but65not65
involved65in65a65wildland65fire.

The65Black65-65answer--
Area65already65burned65by65a65wildland65fire.65Also65called65Burn.

Rate65of65Speed65(ROS)65-65answer--
Fire65spread65is65simply65the65movement65of65the65fire.
165ft.65(0.365m)/minute65=65165chain/hour
1065ft.65(365m)/minute65=651065chains/hour

Chain65-65answer--A65surveying65term65and65equals656665ft.

Smoldering65-65answer--
Fire65is65one65that65burns65without65a65flame65and65is65barely65spreading

Creeping65-65answer--
Fire65is65one65that65burns65with65a65flame65and65is65barely65spreading

Running65-65answer--Fire65is65one65that65spreads65rapidly65with65a65well-defined65head

Backing65-65answer--
Where65the65fire65moves65away65from65the65head,65downhill,65or65against65the65wind