MTL200 Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Crystalline Material
Atoms arranged in a repeating pattern over large distances.
Lattice
Three-dimensional array of points coinciding with atom positions.
Unit Cell
Smallest repeating unit of a lattice, basic building block.
Polymorphism
Presence of multiple crystal structures in a chemical compound.
Allotropy
Presence of multiple crystal structures in a chemical element.
Crystallographic Directions
Vectors indicating directions in a crystal structure.
Crystallographic Planes
Planes defined within a crystal structure.
Linear Density
Density of atoms along a specific direction in a crystal.
Planar Density
Density of atoms within a specific crystal plane.
Close-Packed Crystal Structures
, HCP: ABABAB stacking, FCC: ABCABC stacking.
Single Crystal
Periodic atom arrangement without grain boundaries.
Polycrystalline
Multiple crystals with varying orientations.
Grain Boundary
Boundary where atomic alignment differs in polycrystalline materials.
Anisotropy
Directional property variation in materials.
Isotropy
Uniform property distribution in all directions.
X-ray Diffraction
Analyzing crystal structures using x-ray patterns, following Bragg's Law.
Bragg's Law
Relates x-ray diffraction angles to crystal lattice spacing.
Crystalline defect
Lattice irregularities in solids
Vacancies
Empty atom sites in a crystal lattice
Self-interstitials
Atoms positioned in the interstitial spaces of a crystal lattice
Equilibrium number of vacancies equation
Solutions
Crystalline Material
Atoms arranged in a repeating pattern over large distances.
Lattice
Three-dimensional array of points coinciding with atom positions.
Unit Cell
Smallest repeating unit of a lattice, basic building block.
Polymorphism
Presence of multiple crystal structures in a chemical compound.
Allotropy
Presence of multiple crystal structures in a chemical element.
Crystallographic Directions
Vectors indicating directions in a crystal structure.
Crystallographic Planes
Planes defined within a crystal structure.
Linear Density
Density of atoms along a specific direction in a crystal.
Planar Density
Density of atoms within a specific crystal plane.
Close-Packed Crystal Structures
, HCP: ABABAB stacking, FCC: ABCABC stacking.
Single Crystal
Periodic atom arrangement without grain boundaries.
Polycrystalline
Multiple crystals with varying orientations.
Grain Boundary
Boundary where atomic alignment differs in polycrystalline materials.
Anisotropy
Directional property variation in materials.
Isotropy
Uniform property distribution in all directions.
X-ray Diffraction
Analyzing crystal structures using x-ray patterns, following Bragg's Law.
Bragg's Law
Relates x-ray diffraction angles to crystal lattice spacing.
Crystalline defect
Lattice irregularities in solids
Vacancies
Empty atom sites in a crystal lattice
Self-interstitials
Atoms positioned in the interstitial spaces of a crystal lattice
Equilibrium number of vacancies equation
