BOL113
Exam 1 Spring 2024
Name:
B number: BO
Lecture Section: (circle) 10:50 start OR 9:40 start
You will not receive this exam booklet back. However, you will be able to view your bubble sheet and the exam
questions after the grades are released.
‘While taking this exam, I promise that I did not violate the university’s academic honesty policy, I did not
violate the policies outlined in the Spring ‘24 BIOL113 course syllabus and I did not aid others in violating
these policies.
Signature:
, During mammalian pregnancy, the placenta facilitates the transport of materials from the mother to the fetus and the
transport of waste from the fetus to the mother. This is mediated through a series of transport proteins. One such transport
protein is the Human Taurine Cotransporter (TAUT), which transports the substance taurine from the placental membrane
and into the fetal blood vessels. This transport maintains a constant a higher concentration of taurine in the fetal blood
vessel and is mediated by the transport of sodium simultaneously through TAUT.
Toxins that are absorbed into the body via cigarette smoke damage TAUT (as well as other important enzymes in the
placenta) restricting the movement of taurine into the fetal blood vessels. This causes poor growth and low birth weight.
1. Anew pregnant patient of Dr. Kato reveals that she smokes cigarettes. The patient says that she uses air purifiers
in her home to remove the toxins released by the cigarettes. She shows Dr. Kato an article from Good
Housekeeping Magazine that lists the top ten air purifiers for removing smoke from a home. The magazine article
claims that their own researchers tested the machines in their own laboratory and describes their experimental
design. There is no link to the research and no indication if it was published in a peer reviewed journal. The
magazine article contains
a) Evidence
b) Source
¢) Mechanism
d) Evidence and source
e) None
Answer: E. There is no evidence because there is nothing quantitative described. Merely describing an experimental
design does not constitute evidence. Good Housekeeping Magazine is not a reliable source. It is not a peer reviewed
journal and does not have a history of accurately summarizing the scientific data. There is nothing mentioned about how
these air purifiers remove toxins so there is also no mechanism.
2. When Dr. Kato appears skeptic, the patient pulls up a different article by authors that work for a private research
company. Upon careful inspection and some additional searching, Dr. Kato finds out that that the article was
submitted for publication at a peer reviewed scientific journal but was rejected. This demonstrates which strength
of science?
a) Peer review
b) Retraction
c) Hypotheses get tested in many different ways
d) Conclusions change based on new evidence
Answer: A. Peer review prevents studies with problems (like poor experimental design, bias, suspected falsified data)
from being published. Retraction happens after publication.
3. Dr. Kato wants to convince her patient that the air purifier does not protect her or her fetus from the toxins
released by cigarette smoking. What is the most effective way to convince her?
a) Show her several scientific studies that demonstrate that air purifiers don’t work to remove nicotine or
other smoking toxins from the air.
b) Tell her about a baby she delivered last week who was born to a smoker and who had to spend time in the
NICU.
Answer: B. Taking an emotional approach works better to convince people to change their minds. Fact-based approaches
usually make people double-down.
4. The very first study that showed the harmful effects of cigarette smoke was published in 1950 in the peer
reviewed British Medical Journal. Over the next 14 years more research was published. In 1964 the US Surgeon
General released a report summarizing the association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, heart disease,
stroke and fetal abnormalities. This report signified
a) Statistical conclusion
b) Statistical significance
c) Scientific theory
d) Scientific consensus
Exam 1 Spring 2024
Name:
B number: BO
Lecture Section: (circle) 10:50 start OR 9:40 start
You will not receive this exam booklet back. However, you will be able to view your bubble sheet and the exam
questions after the grades are released.
‘While taking this exam, I promise that I did not violate the university’s academic honesty policy, I did not
violate the policies outlined in the Spring ‘24 BIOL113 course syllabus and I did not aid others in violating
these policies.
Signature:
, During mammalian pregnancy, the placenta facilitates the transport of materials from the mother to the fetus and the
transport of waste from the fetus to the mother. This is mediated through a series of transport proteins. One such transport
protein is the Human Taurine Cotransporter (TAUT), which transports the substance taurine from the placental membrane
and into the fetal blood vessels. This transport maintains a constant a higher concentration of taurine in the fetal blood
vessel and is mediated by the transport of sodium simultaneously through TAUT.
Toxins that are absorbed into the body via cigarette smoke damage TAUT (as well as other important enzymes in the
placenta) restricting the movement of taurine into the fetal blood vessels. This causes poor growth and low birth weight.
1. Anew pregnant patient of Dr. Kato reveals that she smokes cigarettes. The patient says that she uses air purifiers
in her home to remove the toxins released by the cigarettes. She shows Dr. Kato an article from Good
Housekeeping Magazine that lists the top ten air purifiers for removing smoke from a home. The magazine article
claims that their own researchers tested the machines in their own laboratory and describes their experimental
design. There is no link to the research and no indication if it was published in a peer reviewed journal. The
magazine article contains
a) Evidence
b) Source
¢) Mechanism
d) Evidence and source
e) None
Answer: E. There is no evidence because there is nothing quantitative described. Merely describing an experimental
design does not constitute evidence. Good Housekeeping Magazine is not a reliable source. It is not a peer reviewed
journal and does not have a history of accurately summarizing the scientific data. There is nothing mentioned about how
these air purifiers remove toxins so there is also no mechanism.
2. When Dr. Kato appears skeptic, the patient pulls up a different article by authors that work for a private research
company. Upon careful inspection and some additional searching, Dr. Kato finds out that that the article was
submitted for publication at a peer reviewed scientific journal but was rejected. This demonstrates which strength
of science?
a) Peer review
b) Retraction
c) Hypotheses get tested in many different ways
d) Conclusions change based on new evidence
Answer: A. Peer review prevents studies with problems (like poor experimental design, bias, suspected falsified data)
from being published. Retraction happens after publication.
3. Dr. Kato wants to convince her patient that the air purifier does not protect her or her fetus from the toxins
released by cigarette smoking. What is the most effective way to convince her?
a) Show her several scientific studies that demonstrate that air purifiers don’t work to remove nicotine or
other smoking toxins from the air.
b) Tell her about a baby she delivered last week who was born to a smoker and who had to spend time in the
NICU.
Answer: B. Taking an emotional approach works better to convince people to change their minds. Fact-based approaches
usually make people double-down.
4. The very first study that showed the harmful effects of cigarette smoke was published in 1950 in the peer
reviewed British Medical Journal. Over the next 14 years more research was published. In 1964 the US Surgeon
General released a report summarizing the association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, heart disease,
stroke and fetal abnormalities. This report signified
a) Statistical conclusion
b) Statistical significance
c) Scientific theory
d) Scientific consensus
