LING 1010 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
true/false? while a human child will just pick up a language by being raised in a community
of competent speakers, most children require explicit instruction in reading and writing.
true
prescriptive rule
tells a person what they should or ought to do
telling people how they should use language
examples of prescriptive rules
don't end sentences in a preposition
double negation is inappropriate and illogical
descriptive rule
observing how humans actually use language; observed regularity or systematic feature of the
world
descriptive rule examples
"in English, the object follows the verb"
prescriptive grammar
a set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of
the "correct" or "proper" way to speak or write
prescriptive grammar features
enforces standards for educated, written language (i.e. "don't write or say ain't')
,chooses sides on issues on which people may differ (i.e. "data is/are reliable")
conservative, resisting changes in spoken, colloquial language
creates rules with no basis in actual usage of speakers of language (i.e. "don't end a
sentence with a preposition")
prescriptive grammar advantages
preservation of older forms of language
clarity & standardization for clear communication
true/false? prescriptive rules are useful in linguistics
false
native speaker
someone who has grown up speaking that language from early childhood on
grammatical sentence
sentence of a language is a sentence that expressesan idea in a natural, well-formed way
according to native speakersof that language
ungrammatical sentence typically marked with
asterik (*)
goal of linguistics
discover a set of rules that can predict whether a sentence of a language is grammatical
or ungrammatical according to native speakers
ass camouflage construction (ACC)
in many colloquial varieties of English you can refer to a person X by using the expression "X's
ass"
, "I'm going to get him" to
"I'm going to get his (sorry) ass"
anaphora
in English a pronoun may refer back to someone already mentioned without giving their
full name or description
i.e. "the cat walked in. She (=the cat) sat down"
true/false? colloquial language is every bit as grammatically sophisticated and rule-governed
as more formal language
true
linguistic competence
the knowledge a speaker has in their mind that allows them to generate grammatical
expressions of their language
linguistic performance
the actual language behavior a speaker displays
common speech errors
transpositions - “work is the curse of the drinking class”
sound swaps - left hemisphere => heft lemisphere
anticipation - reading list => leading list
agreement errors - “Is our children learning?”
negation - “They misunderestimated me.”
tacit knowledge
DETAILED VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
true/false? while a human child will just pick up a language by being raised in a community
of competent speakers, most children require explicit instruction in reading and writing.
true
prescriptive rule
tells a person what they should or ought to do
telling people how they should use language
examples of prescriptive rules
don't end sentences in a preposition
double negation is inappropriate and illogical
descriptive rule
observing how humans actually use language; observed regularity or systematic feature of the
world
descriptive rule examples
"in English, the object follows the verb"
prescriptive grammar
a set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of
the "correct" or "proper" way to speak or write
prescriptive grammar features
enforces standards for educated, written language (i.e. "don't write or say ain't')
,chooses sides on issues on which people may differ (i.e. "data is/are reliable")
conservative, resisting changes in spoken, colloquial language
creates rules with no basis in actual usage of speakers of language (i.e. "don't end a
sentence with a preposition")
prescriptive grammar advantages
preservation of older forms of language
clarity & standardization for clear communication
true/false? prescriptive rules are useful in linguistics
false
native speaker
someone who has grown up speaking that language from early childhood on
grammatical sentence
sentence of a language is a sentence that expressesan idea in a natural, well-formed way
according to native speakersof that language
ungrammatical sentence typically marked with
asterik (*)
goal of linguistics
discover a set of rules that can predict whether a sentence of a language is grammatical
or ungrammatical according to native speakers
ass camouflage construction (ACC)
in many colloquial varieties of English you can refer to a person X by using the expression "X's
ass"
, "I'm going to get him" to
"I'm going to get his (sorry) ass"
anaphora
in English a pronoun may refer back to someone already mentioned without giving their
full name or description
i.e. "the cat walked in. She (=the cat) sat down"
true/false? colloquial language is every bit as grammatically sophisticated and rule-governed
as more formal language
true
linguistic competence
the knowledge a speaker has in their mind that allows them to generate grammatical
expressions of their language
linguistic performance
the actual language behavior a speaker displays
common speech errors
transpositions - “work is the curse of the drinking class”
sound swaps - left hemisphere => heft lemisphere
anticipation - reading list => leading list
agreement errors - “Is our children learning?”
negation - “They misunderestimated me.”
tacit knowledge
