ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate With 135 Questions and answers Updated 100% PASS

ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate With 135 Questions and answers
Updated 100% PASS

Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage - Correct Answers
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II! Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function - Correct Answers
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II! The Normal Cell Cycle - Correct Answers -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes
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II! of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
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-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular
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information
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II! Interphase and Mitotic Phase - Correct Answers Cell division produces two identical cells
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II! through these two major phases II! II! II! II!




II! During interphase: - Correct Answers Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
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II! three steps: II!




1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
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2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
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3:Mitotic Phse (M phase) II! II! II!

,II! First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - Correct Answers -cells increase in size
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-reproduce RNA II!




-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
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-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
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II! Synthesis Phase (S phase) - Correct Answers -DNA replicates II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!




-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
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-which are attached a t the centromere II! II! II! II! II! II!




-lasts 2-10 hours II! II!




II! Mitotic Phase (M phase) - Correct Answers -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated,
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II! and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
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-takes about 30-60 minutes II! II! II!




II! Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - Correct Answers -G1 checkpoint
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-S Phase
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-G2 checkpoint
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,-M phaseII!




II! Restriction Point - Correct Answers -The transition from the resting phase into an actively
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II! dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
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-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
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-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!




restriction point, or the point of no return
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II! G0 Phase (resting phase) - Correct Answers -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1
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II! phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
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-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
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II! -Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) - Correct Answers -Exceptions to this
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II! are those that are metabollically active, such as
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-granulocytes II!




-and the epithelium of the GI tract
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II! Cell Cycling Time - Correct Answers Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
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Cell cycle video and image - Correct Answers
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http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__ho
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w_the_cell_cycle_works.html

, II! Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - Correct Answers -The cell cycle is
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II! carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
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-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic
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information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as
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cancer
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-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
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II! Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins: - Correct Answers 1.
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II! cyclines (D, E, A, B) II! II! II! II!




2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
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-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
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II! Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - Correct Answers -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK
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-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
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-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
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-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
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-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B II! II! II! II! II! II!