NURS 172 EXAM 4 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 20245-2025 LATEST UPDATE
Central Cord Syndrome Damage to central spinal cord, Occurs most often in cervical cord
region
More common in older adults
Motor weakness and altered sensation present in upper extremities
Lower extremities not usually affected
Burning pain in upper extremities
SCI Complications Autonomic Dysreflexia
Causes - bladder distention, UTI, epididymitis, bowel distention, pain
Signs and Symptoms - significant increase in BP, low HR, profuse sweating
SCI Treatment cervical collar, keep spine in alignment, external fixation
Standard Precautions Apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin,
mucous membranes
Goal - reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms
Used for ALL patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infection risk
Transmission-Based Precautions Used for specific patients
Includes
,Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
Standard precautions are always used as well
Infection Prevention hand hygiene, vaccinations, precautions
Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections Pathogenic organisms are highly adaptable, change and
become resistant to treatment, HCP treating viral infections with antibiotics has contributed,
patients skipping doses of antibiotics contributes
Healthcare Acquired Infections CLABSI - central-line associated bloodstream infections
CAUTI - catheter-associated UTIs
SSI - surgical site infections
Clostridium difficile, MRSA bacteremia
Antibiotics Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolides, Carbapenems,
Vancomycin, Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides
Antifungals Metronidazole, Amphotericin B
,Cellulitis skin infection, localized area of inflammation, can be easily spread, generalized
infection
caused by trauma, diabetes, PVD, immunosuppressants
Cellulitis S/Sx fever, chills, erythema, edema, warmth, tenderness
Cellulitis Treatment drugs, moist heat, immobilize or elevate extremity, antibiotics
Otitis Media an infecting agent in the middle ear causes inflammation of the mucosa,
leading to swelling and irritation of the ossicles (bones) within the middle ear, primarily affects
children
acute - sudden onset, lasts 3 weeks or less
chronic - repeated acute episodes
Otitis Media S/Sx pulling on ear, fever, crying, fussy, poor feeding, tinnitus, headache,
dizziness, bulging eardrum, hearing loss, red eardrum, pus and blood drainage if eardrum
perforates
Otitis Media Etiology anatomic deformities, allergies, smoke exposure, pacifier usage, bottle
feeding, exposure to infection at daycare
Otitis Media Treatment antibiotics, antipyretics, antihistamines
, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) infection occurring anywhere in urinary tract, commonly
affects women, common bacteria is E. coli
Cystitis infection in bladder, inflammation from infection by pathogens from bowel or
bladder, can be inflamed from drugs, chemicals, radiation, or long term catheter use
UTI Risk Factors age, gender, pregnancy, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, sexual activity,
obstruction, catheters, reflux
UTI S/Sx frequency, urgency, dysuria, smell, hematuria, fever, mental status changes, low
back pain
UTI Treatment antibiotics, analgesics, Pyridium, fluids, sitz bath
Pyelonephritis bacterial infection in kidney and renal pelvis
s/sx: fever, chills, flank pain, abdominal discomfort, general malaise, CVA tenderness, n/v
Pyelonephritis Treatment antibiotics, analgesics, adequate nutrition, fluids, replace chronic
catheters
Stress Effects on Body
Central Cord Syndrome Damage to central spinal cord, Occurs most often in cervical cord
region
More common in older adults
Motor weakness and altered sensation present in upper extremities
Lower extremities not usually affected
Burning pain in upper extremities
SCI Complications Autonomic Dysreflexia
Causes - bladder distention, UTI, epididymitis, bowel distention, pain
Signs and Symptoms - significant increase in BP, low HR, profuse sweating
SCI Treatment cervical collar, keep spine in alignment, external fixation
Standard Precautions Apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin,
mucous membranes
Goal - reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms
Used for ALL patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infection risk
Transmission-Based Precautions Used for specific patients
Includes
,Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
Standard precautions are always used as well
Infection Prevention hand hygiene, vaccinations, precautions
Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections Pathogenic organisms are highly adaptable, change and
become resistant to treatment, HCP treating viral infections with antibiotics has contributed,
patients skipping doses of antibiotics contributes
Healthcare Acquired Infections CLABSI - central-line associated bloodstream infections
CAUTI - catheter-associated UTIs
SSI - surgical site infections
Clostridium difficile, MRSA bacteremia
Antibiotics Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolides, Carbapenems,
Vancomycin, Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides
Antifungals Metronidazole, Amphotericin B
,Cellulitis skin infection, localized area of inflammation, can be easily spread, generalized
infection
caused by trauma, diabetes, PVD, immunosuppressants
Cellulitis S/Sx fever, chills, erythema, edema, warmth, tenderness
Cellulitis Treatment drugs, moist heat, immobilize or elevate extremity, antibiotics
Otitis Media an infecting agent in the middle ear causes inflammation of the mucosa,
leading to swelling and irritation of the ossicles (bones) within the middle ear, primarily affects
children
acute - sudden onset, lasts 3 weeks or less
chronic - repeated acute episodes
Otitis Media S/Sx pulling on ear, fever, crying, fussy, poor feeding, tinnitus, headache,
dizziness, bulging eardrum, hearing loss, red eardrum, pus and blood drainage if eardrum
perforates
Otitis Media Etiology anatomic deformities, allergies, smoke exposure, pacifier usage, bottle
feeding, exposure to infection at daycare
Otitis Media Treatment antibiotics, antipyretics, antihistamines
, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) infection occurring anywhere in urinary tract, commonly
affects women, common bacteria is E. coli
Cystitis infection in bladder, inflammation from infection by pathogens from bowel or
bladder, can be inflamed from drugs, chemicals, radiation, or long term catheter use
UTI Risk Factors age, gender, pregnancy, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, sexual activity,
obstruction, catheters, reflux
UTI S/Sx frequency, urgency, dysuria, smell, hematuria, fever, mental status changes, low
back pain
UTI Treatment antibiotics, analgesics, Pyridium, fluids, sitz bath
Pyelonephritis bacterial infection in kidney and renal pelvis
s/sx: fever, chills, flank pain, abdominal discomfort, general malaise, CVA tenderness, n/v
Pyelonephritis Treatment antibiotics, analgesics, adequate nutrition, fluids, replace chronic
catheters
Stress Effects on Body
