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Test Bank Questions for Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
1. Contemporary counseling and psychotherapy theories are:
a. Foundations from which we build our understanding of human development,
human suffering, self-destructive behavior, and positive change.
b. Unfortunately incompatible with recent brain research.
c. Outdated, anachronistic, and not a good source of information for professionals.
d. Best replaced by learning about specific therapy techniques.
e. None of these statements are true.
2. What makes the theories in the textbook more than “pop psychology?”
a. The theories in the textbook aren’t really much different than pop psychology.
b. Each theory has new research to support every theoretical proposition.
c. Each theory has at least some research support and has been updated or
adapted for working with diverse clients.
d. The theories in the text are actually the most popular of the “pop psychology”
theories.
e. Both a and d are true.
3. Which statement is true about the case of Adrian?
a. There’s a mental disorder diagnosis for Adrian’s condition (obsessive-compulsive
disorder).
b. Research-based therapies are available for Adrian’s condition.
c. There’s no guarantee he can successfully change, even with therapy.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and c.
4. Theories:
a. Explain phenomena.
b. Involve gathering and organizing knowledge.
c. Help scientists (and therapists) make predictions.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and b.
5. The comment “In psychology, even the rats are white and male” refers to which of the
following?
a. Experimental psychologists continue to use only white male rats in their research
studies.
b. Psychotherapy is useful only for white males.
c. Most psychological theories were developed by white men of European descent
and much of the research historically focused on whites and males.
d. All of the above.
e. Only b and c.
6. For the most part, early treatments for human distress and disturbance consisted of a
combination of:
a. Medical-biological procedures.
b. Spiritual procedures.
c. Psychosocial procedures.
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques, Third Edition.
John Sommers-Flanagan and Rita Sommers-Flanagan. © 2018
, d. All of the above.
e. Only b and c.
7. The biomedical perspective:
a. Utilizes counseling for those dying from a medical condition.
b. Has involved trephining and lobotomies.
c. Focuses primarily on using a psychoanalytic approach.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
8. Trephining involved:
a. The use of monks to counsel clients.
b. Reverse siphoning of gas from the can to the vehicle.
c. Cutting a hole in the skull to release evil spirits.
d. Cutting holes on the skin to produce a behavior change.
e. The sealing up of naturally occurring holes in the skull.
9. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
utilize ____________ to facilitate emotional regulation.
a. Trephining.
b. Buddhist mindfulness.
c. String cheese.
d. Feminist concepts.
e. Medical interventions.
10. Which of the following perspectives emphasizes relationship and community over
individuality, and its beginnings occurred in the context of people’s experiences and
interactions in personal, political, and professional settings?
a. Biological perspective.
b. Psychosocial perspective.
c. Feminist-multicultural perspective.
d. Religious-spiritual perspective.
e. Relationship and community perspective.
11. Anna O. referred to psychotherapy as:
a. “The talking cure.”
b. A method that involved “listening to and learning” from her therapist.
c. Something that was “interesting but, in the end, unhelpful.”
d. “The holy grail.”
e. “The transference cure.”
12. Which statement is LEAST consistent with what Corsini and Wedding believed about
counseling and psychotherapy?
a. They are the same qualitatively.
b. They differ only quantitatively.
c. There is no difference whatsoever.
d. There is nothing that a psychotherapist does that a counselor does not do.
e. None of these are consistent with what Corsini and Wedding stated.
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13. Which of the following is/are generally NOT true of counseling as compared to
psychotherapy?
a. Counseling usually lasts longer than psychotherapy.
b. Counseling is usually cheaper than psychotherapy.
c. Counseling is slightly more directive than psychotherapy.
d. Counseling is generally more overtly surface work.
e. All of these are true about counseling.
14. Which of the following is not a part of the 12-part definition of counseling/psychotherapy
offered in the textbook?
a. A trained professional.
b. Accepted ethical guidelines.
c. An explicit agreement.
d. Therapist-defined goals.
e. Using theoretically- or evidence-based procedures.
15. Which researcher claimed that therapy produced no benefits; on the contrary, it
produced an inverse correlation between therapy and recovery? These claims led to an
increase in outcome studies.
a. Hans Eysenck.
b. Jay Haley.
c. Siddhartha Guatama.
d. Anton Mesmer.
e. Mary Smith.
16. Which of the following terms is a statistic used to estimate how much change is
produced by a particular intervention?
a. Meta-analysis.
b. Bill Nye.
c. Effect size.
d. Validity.
e. R2.
17. Smith and Glass concluded that the average client treated with psychotherapy was
better off than ________ of clients who received no treatment.
a. 95%.
b. 75%.
c. 50%.
d. 25%.
e. 10%.
18. Eysenck’s psychotherapy critique motivated researchers to:
a. Emphasize the importance of confidentiality.
b. Evaluate psychotherapy efficacy with greater scrutiny.
c. Produce more psychotherapy research.
d. Start an anti-Eysenck revolution.
e. Only b and c.
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques, Third Edition.
John Sommers-Flanagan and Rita Sommers-Flanagan. © 2018
, 19. Based on research by Smith and Glass (1977) and others, the “Dodo bird effect” has
come to be known as which of the following?
a. Different therapists’ theoretical orientations and different techniques do not
produce different results in a counseling situation.
b. Drilling a small hole in the client’s temple on each side of the skull and inserting a
dull knife, making the shape of a large bird.
c. Taking a client’s biological and spiritual condition into account during therapy.
d. Only b and c.
e. None of the above
20. What is most true about the status of therapy effectiveness?
a. Everyone agrees that therapy is very effective.
b. Most researchers believe therapy is effective, but there are a few critics who
question its efficacy.
c. It’s unlikely that therapy is effective.
d. There really hasn’t been enough research on therapy to say whether it’s
effective.
e. Effectiveness is the top dog and ineffectiveness is the underdog.
21. Lambert’s extratherapeutic change factors include which of the following?
a. Client factors.
b. Counseling techniques.
c. Client motivation.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and c.
22. According to Lambert, which common therapeutic factor(s) account(s) for approximately
15% of therapeutic change?
a. Expectancy.
b. Techniques.
c. Extratherapeutic factors.
d. All of the above.
e. Both a and b (techniques and expectancy) account for 15%.
23. Efficacy research involves tightly controlled experimental trials with high internal validity,
whereas effectiveness research:
a. Produces results that are generalizable to real-life situations.
b. Seeks to tightly control all experimental variables.
c. Focuses on collecting data with strong external validity.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and c.
24. Which of the following is a descriptive term used for treatments that are manualized and
shown to be superior to a placebo or other treatments?
a. Medically proven treatments.
b. Research-based treatments.
c. Psychotherapy.
d. Empirically supported treatments.
e. Empirically satisfying treatments.
Test Bank Questions for Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
1. Contemporary counseling and psychotherapy theories are:
a. Foundations from which we build our understanding of human development,
human suffering, self-destructive behavior, and positive change.
b. Unfortunately incompatible with recent brain research.
c. Outdated, anachronistic, and not a good source of information for professionals.
d. Best replaced by learning about specific therapy techniques.
e. None of these statements are true.
2. What makes the theories in the textbook more than “pop psychology?”
a. The theories in the textbook aren’t really much different than pop psychology.
b. Each theory has new research to support every theoretical proposition.
c. Each theory has at least some research support and has been updated or
adapted for working with diverse clients.
d. The theories in the text are actually the most popular of the “pop psychology”
theories.
e. Both a and d are true.
3. Which statement is true about the case of Adrian?
a. There’s a mental disorder diagnosis for Adrian’s condition (obsessive-compulsive
disorder).
b. Research-based therapies are available for Adrian’s condition.
c. There’s no guarantee he can successfully change, even with therapy.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and c.
4. Theories:
a. Explain phenomena.
b. Involve gathering and organizing knowledge.
c. Help scientists (and therapists) make predictions.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and b.
5. The comment “In psychology, even the rats are white and male” refers to which of the
following?
a. Experimental psychologists continue to use only white male rats in their research
studies.
b. Psychotherapy is useful only for white males.
c. Most psychological theories were developed by white men of European descent
and much of the research historically focused on whites and males.
d. All of the above.
e. Only b and c.
6. For the most part, early treatments for human distress and disturbance consisted of a
combination of:
a. Medical-biological procedures.
b. Spiritual procedures.
c. Psychosocial procedures.
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques, Third Edition.
John Sommers-Flanagan and Rita Sommers-Flanagan. © 2018
, d. All of the above.
e. Only b and c.
7. The biomedical perspective:
a. Utilizes counseling for those dying from a medical condition.
b. Has involved trephining and lobotomies.
c. Focuses primarily on using a psychoanalytic approach.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
8. Trephining involved:
a. The use of monks to counsel clients.
b. Reverse siphoning of gas from the can to the vehicle.
c. Cutting a hole in the skull to release evil spirits.
d. Cutting holes on the skin to produce a behavior change.
e. The sealing up of naturally occurring holes in the skull.
9. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
utilize ____________ to facilitate emotional regulation.
a. Trephining.
b. Buddhist mindfulness.
c. String cheese.
d. Feminist concepts.
e. Medical interventions.
10. Which of the following perspectives emphasizes relationship and community over
individuality, and its beginnings occurred in the context of people’s experiences and
interactions in personal, political, and professional settings?
a. Biological perspective.
b. Psychosocial perspective.
c. Feminist-multicultural perspective.
d. Religious-spiritual perspective.
e. Relationship and community perspective.
11. Anna O. referred to psychotherapy as:
a. “The talking cure.”
b. A method that involved “listening to and learning” from her therapist.
c. Something that was “interesting but, in the end, unhelpful.”
d. “The holy grail.”
e. “The transference cure.”
12. Which statement is LEAST consistent with what Corsini and Wedding believed about
counseling and psychotherapy?
a. They are the same qualitatively.
b. They differ only quantitatively.
c. There is no difference whatsoever.
d. There is nothing that a psychotherapist does that a counselor does not do.
e. None of these are consistent with what Corsini and Wedding stated.
, 2
13. Which of the following is/are generally NOT true of counseling as compared to
psychotherapy?
a. Counseling usually lasts longer than psychotherapy.
b. Counseling is usually cheaper than psychotherapy.
c. Counseling is slightly more directive than psychotherapy.
d. Counseling is generally more overtly surface work.
e. All of these are true about counseling.
14. Which of the following is not a part of the 12-part definition of counseling/psychotherapy
offered in the textbook?
a. A trained professional.
b. Accepted ethical guidelines.
c. An explicit agreement.
d. Therapist-defined goals.
e. Using theoretically- or evidence-based procedures.
15. Which researcher claimed that therapy produced no benefits; on the contrary, it
produced an inverse correlation between therapy and recovery? These claims led to an
increase in outcome studies.
a. Hans Eysenck.
b. Jay Haley.
c. Siddhartha Guatama.
d. Anton Mesmer.
e. Mary Smith.
16. Which of the following terms is a statistic used to estimate how much change is
produced by a particular intervention?
a. Meta-analysis.
b. Bill Nye.
c. Effect size.
d. Validity.
e. R2.
17. Smith and Glass concluded that the average client treated with psychotherapy was
better off than ________ of clients who received no treatment.
a. 95%.
b. 75%.
c. 50%.
d. 25%.
e. 10%.
18. Eysenck’s psychotherapy critique motivated researchers to:
a. Emphasize the importance of confidentiality.
b. Evaluate psychotherapy efficacy with greater scrutiny.
c. Produce more psychotherapy research.
d. Start an anti-Eysenck revolution.
e. Only b and c.
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques, Third Edition.
John Sommers-Flanagan and Rita Sommers-Flanagan. © 2018
, 19. Based on research by Smith and Glass (1977) and others, the “Dodo bird effect” has
come to be known as which of the following?
a. Different therapists’ theoretical orientations and different techniques do not
produce different results in a counseling situation.
b. Drilling a small hole in the client’s temple on each side of the skull and inserting a
dull knife, making the shape of a large bird.
c. Taking a client’s biological and spiritual condition into account during therapy.
d. Only b and c.
e. None of the above
20. What is most true about the status of therapy effectiveness?
a. Everyone agrees that therapy is very effective.
b. Most researchers believe therapy is effective, but there are a few critics who
question its efficacy.
c. It’s unlikely that therapy is effective.
d. There really hasn’t been enough research on therapy to say whether it’s
effective.
e. Effectiveness is the top dog and ineffectiveness is the underdog.
21. Lambert’s extratherapeutic change factors include which of the following?
a. Client factors.
b. Counseling techniques.
c. Client motivation.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and c.
22. According to Lambert, which common therapeutic factor(s) account(s) for approximately
15% of therapeutic change?
a. Expectancy.
b. Techniques.
c. Extratherapeutic factors.
d. All of the above.
e. Both a and b (techniques and expectancy) account for 15%.
23. Efficacy research involves tightly controlled experimental trials with high internal validity,
whereas effectiveness research:
a. Produces results that are generalizable to real-life situations.
b. Seeks to tightly control all experimental variables.
c. Focuses on collecting data with strong external validity.
d. All of the above.
e. Only a and c.
24. Which of the following is a descriptive term used for treatments that are manualized and
shown to be superior to a placebo or other treatments?
a. Medically proven treatments.
b. Research-based treatments.
c. Psychotherapy.
d. Empirically supported treatments.
e. Empirically satisfying treatments.
