Lecture Exam IV Study Guide Part 1
Digestive System
- Review the functions and anatomy of the digestive system.
o General Functions
Digestion of macromolecules (food) into monomers
Accomplished mechanically and chemically
Absorption of monomers into circulatory system
Monomers used in catabolic and anabolic reactions
Absorption of H2O, ions, vitamins, medications, etc
o Anatomy
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract)
Mouth to anus (30ft)
o Oral cavity/mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small Intestine
o Large Intestine
o Anus
“Disassembly line”
o Functions of GI Tract
Motility
Movement of food through tract
Secretion
Exocrine secretions
o Digestive enzymes, acid, mucus, water, bicarbonate
Endocrine secretions
o Hormones
Digestion
Mechanical and enzymatic
Absorption
Movement of monomers to circulatory system
Storage and elimination
Indigestible food
Immune Barrier
Tight junctions seal GI tract
Leukocytes - second line of defense
- Be able to describe how carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are digested & absorbed
along the GI tract.
o For the absorbed monomers, know the catabolic and anabolic uses in the body.
Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates
, Begins in mouth, finishes in small intestine
Pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas contains pancreatic amylase
o Secreted into duodenum
o Digests starch into maltose, maltotriose, oligosaccharides
Brush border enzymes (remain on the brush border)
o Maltase: maltose 2 glucoses
o Sucrase: sucrose glucose and fructose
o Lactase: lactose glucose and galactose
o Simple sugars are absorbed and move to liver first!
Digestive System
- Review the functions and anatomy of the digestive system.
o General Functions
Digestion of macromolecules (food) into monomers
Accomplished mechanically and chemically
Absorption of monomers into circulatory system
Monomers used in catabolic and anabolic reactions
Absorption of H2O, ions, vitamins, medications, etc
o Anatomy
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract)
Mouth to anus (30ft)
o Oral cavity/mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small Intestine
o Large Intestine
o Anus
“Disassembly line”
o Functions of GI Tract
Motility
Movement of food through tract
Secretion
Exocrine secretions
o Digestive enzymes, acid, mucus, water, bicarbonate
Endocrine secretions
o Hormones
Digestion
Mechanical and enzymatic
Absorption
Movement of monomers to circulatory system
Storage and elimination
Indigestible food
Immune Barrier
Tight junctions seal GI tract
Leukocytes - second line of defense
- Be able to describe how carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are digested & absorbed
along the GI tract.
o For the absorbed monomers, know the catabolic and anabolic uses in the body.
Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates
, Begins in mouth, finishes in small intestine
Pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas contains pancreatic amylase
o Secreted into duodenum
o Digests starch into maltose, maltotriose, oligosaccharides
Brush border enzymes (remain on the brush border)
o Maltase: maltose 2 glucoses
o Sucrase: sucrose glucose and fructose
o Lactase: lactose glucose and galactose
o Simple sugars are absorbed and move to liver first!
