A* 50/50 EPQ on The Toxicity of Dental
Amalgam | ESSAY (production log sold
separately) With Questions and Answers
History of Dental Amalgam - Correct Answer--*developed in France in 1800s
*Flagg and Black 50/50 balance amalgam
*1920s national standards institute in Us tested and made standards, confirmed
Blacks 50/50 ratio is best and dental amalgams safe
*1960 high copper amalgam ( no gamma 2 phase) developed/ used
Why is high copper amalgam used today? - Correct Answer--* high copper gets
ride of ( weakening/ corrosive gamma 2 phase
*tin reacts directly with copper instead of mercury
*Improved clinical performance, longevity and strength
How are amalgam products different? - Correct Answer--*mercury alloy ratio
(50/50 ideal)
*Shape of particles ( spherical, lathe cut or admixed)
*size of particles ( micro, nano, etc..)
*Amount of silver content ( more copper=less silver= cheaper)
What factors affect handling and performance of dental amalgam? - Correct
Answer--Both Manufacture and Dentist
How are dental amalgams used? - Correct Answer--* Class I,II,V, and VI
restorations, strong ( posterior teeth they can resist biting forces), high
compressive strength, cost effective( not for Class III,IV anterior), cingulum
, pits/lingual of anterior teeth if small, foundation for crown ( core build up,
amalgam core), placed over a copal cavity varnish( reduce leaking into dentin
tubules)
Describe the effect of moisture contamination on amalgam? - Correct Answer--*
Increases chances of the restoration leaking, will cause delayed expansion ( can
cause occlusal trauma if it is to high or crack tooth)
Describe acceptable mercury hygiene practices? - Correct Answer--* mercury
toxicity toxic to kidneys and CNS, proper handling keeps staff safe
* high vapor pressure, inhaled into lungs
* Clean up promptly, including spills, store in airtight labled containers following
ADA recommendations for safety
What is a direct gold restoration? When is it used? - Correct Answer--* used for
small restoration class I,II,III, and V ( pure gold) because it lacks strength used to
repair crown defects.
* Rarely used now because of high cost and esthetics seen in older patients
* cold-welds at room temp burn off chemical protectant with ethyl alcohol
( annealing)
Which of the following elements is used in the highest amount in an amalgam
restorations?
A) tin
B)copper
C)Silver
Amalgam | ESSAY (production log sold
separately) With Questions and Answers
History of Dental Amalgam - Correct Answer--*developed in France in 1800s
*Flagg and Black 50/50 balance amalgam
*1920s national standards institute in Us tested and made standards, confirmed
Blacks 50/50 ratio is best and dental amalgams safe
*1960 high copper amalgam ( no gamma 2 phase) developed/ used
Why is high copper amalgam used today? - Correct Answer--* high copper gets
ride of ( weakening/ corrosive gamma 2 phase
*tin reacts directly with copper instead of mercury
*Improved clinical performance, longevity and strength
How are amalgam products different? - Correct Answer--*mercury alloy ratio
(50/50 ideal)
*Shape of particles ( spherical, lathe cut or admixed)
*size of particles ( micro, nano, etc..)
*Amount of silver content ( more copper=less silver= cheaper)
What factors affect handling and performance of dental amalgam? - Correct
Answer--Both Manufacture and Dentist
How are dental amalgams used? - Correct Answer--* Class I,II,V, and VI
restorations, strong ( posterior teeth they can resist biting forces), high
compressive strength, cost effective( not for Class III,IV anterior), cingulum
, pits/lingual of anterior teeth if small, foundation for crown ( core build up,
amalgam core), placed over a copal cavity varnish( reduce leaking into dentin
tubules)
Describe the effect of moisture contamination on amalgam? - Correct Answer--*
Increases chances of the restoration leaking, will cause delayed expansion ( can
cause occlusal trauma if it is to high or crack tooth)
Describe acceptable mercury hygiene practices? - Correct Answer--* mercury
toxicity toxic to kidneys and CNS, proper handling keeps staff safe
* high vapor pressure, inhaled into lungs
* Clean up promptly, including spills, store in airtight labled containers following
ADA recommendations for safety
What is a direct gold restoration? When is it used? - Correct Answer--* used for
small restoration class I,II,III, and V ( pure gold) because it lacks strength used to
repair crown defects.
* Rarely used now because of high cost and esthetics seen in older patients
* cold-welds at room temp burn off chemical protectant with ethyl alcohol
( annealing)
Which of the following elements is used in the highest amount in an amalgam
restorations?
A) tin
B)copper
C)Silver
