VPHY 3100 UGA EXAM LATEST UPDATE
# of pairs of cranial nerves - ANSWER 12 exit brain
# of pairs of spinal nerves - ANSWER 31 exit spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system - ANSWER Regulation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle,
and glands. Control of involuntary visceral organs and blood vessels
Central control: frontal cortex and subcortical structures (A vs. S) - ANSWER Somatic
motor system
Central control: Hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord (A vs. S) - ANSWER
Autonomic motor system
What are the effector organs of the somatic motor system? - ANSWER Skeletal muscles
What are the effector organs of the autonomic motor system? - ANSWER Cardiac
muscle, smooth muscle glands.
Presence of ganglia in Somatic motor system? - ANSWER no
Presence of ganlia in the autonomic motor system? - ANSWER Cell bodies of post
ganglionic autonomic fibers located in paravertebral, prevertebral (collateral), and
terminal ganglia
Number of neurons from CNS to effector for somatic motor - ANSWER 1
Number of neurons from CNS to effector for autonomic motor - ANSWER 2
Type of neuromuscular junction for somatic motor - ANSWER specialized motor end
plate
Type of neuromuscular junction for autonomic motor - ANSWER No specialization of
postsynaptic membrane. All areas of smooth muscle cells contain receptor proteins for
neurotransmitters
Effect of nerve pulse on muscle for somatic motor - ANSWER Excitatory only
Effect of nerve pulse on muscle for autonomic motor - ANSWER can be excitatory or
inhibitory
Type of nerve fibers for somatic motor - ANSWER Fast conducting, thick, myelinated
Type of nerve fibers for autonomic motor - ANSWER Slow conducting, preganglionic
fibers slightly myelinated but thin, postganglionic fibers un-myelinated and very thin
Effect of denervation on somatic motor - ANSWER Flaccid paralysis and atrophy
,Effect of denervation on autonomic motor - ANSWER Muscle tone and function persist;
target cells show denervation and hypersensitivity
Parasympathetic? what? - ANSWER Rest & digest
sympathetic? What? - ANSWER Fight or flight
What lines either side of the spinal cord? - ANSWER A sympathetic chain of ganglia
Preganglionic axons split from the spinal nerves via ___________ wherein they enter the
________ - ANSWER White Rami : Paravertebral ganglia
Some preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons within the sympathetic
chain of ganglia; these postganglionic neurons leave through the _______ and rejoin the
_____ - ANSWER Grey Rami : Spinal nerves
Some preganglionic fibers simply pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia,
forming ________, and synapse with postganglionic neurons within __________ - ANSWER
Splanchnic nerves : Collateral (pre vertebral) ganglia
Some preganglionic fibers also innervate the ________ , causing it to secrete ______ and
______ into the blood. - ANSWER adrenal medulla : epi and norepi
Mass activation - ANSWER the Sympathetic system is usually activated as a single unit
Where do Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate? - ANSWER Thoracic and lumbar
of spinal cords
Where do parasympathetic nerve fibers originate? - ANSWER The midbrain, Pons,
Medulla, and sacral levels of spinal cord.
Where do preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the
parasympathetic system? - ANSWER Terminal ganglia which lie close to or within target
organs.
What nerves are the primary route of innervation for the parasympathetic nervous
system? - ANSWER Vagus nerves:
Heart
Lungs
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
, Intestines
Where do vagus nerves originate? - ANSWER Medulla
Multiple branches synapse with postganglionic cells at ___________ within target tissues
- ANSWER Terminal ganglia
Paravertebral ganglia = which system? - ANSWER Sympathetic
Prevetebral ganglia = which system - ANSWER Sympathetic
Terminal ganglia = which system? - ANSWER Parasympathetic
"SAME DAVE" - ANSWER Sensory-Afferent-Motor-Efferent
Dorsal-Afferent-Ventral-Efferent
Preganglionic fibers of both divisions are _______ - ANSWER Cholinergic
Most Postganglionic fibers for the Sympathetic system are ______. Some are cholinergic
like those to blood vessels of skeletal muscles and those to sweat glands. - ANSWER
(nor)adrenergic
Most postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system are __________ - ANSWER
Cholinergic
What are the postganglionic receptors for the sympathetic system? Parasympathetic
system? - ANSWER Alpha1 , alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2:
mAChR
Sympathetic adrenergic innervation:
What are the EPSP's (Contraction, Constriction, or vesicle release) and which receptor
causes it? - ANSWER Increase cardiac output (beta 1)
Vasoconstriction at some viscera (alpha 1)
Sympathetic adrenergic innervation:
What are the IPSP's (relaxation, dilation) and which receptor causes it? - ANSWER
Relaxation of bronchioes (beta 2)
Vasodilation at some viscera(beta 2)
Vasodilation at skeletal muscles (beta 2, muscarinic)
# of pairs of cranial nerves - ANSWER 12 exit brain
# of pairs of spinal nerves - ANSWER 31 exit spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system - ANSWER Regulation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle,
and glands. Control of involuntary visceral organs and blood vessels
Central control: frontal cortex and subcortical structures (A vs. S) - ANSWER Somatic
motor system
Central control: Hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord (A vs. S) - ANSWER
Autonomic motor system
What are the effector organs of the somatic motor system? - ANSWER Skeletal muscles
What are the effector organs of the autonomic motor system? - ANSWER Cardiac
muscle, smooth muscle glands.
Presence of ganglia in Somatic motor system? - ANSWER no
Presence of ganlia in the autonomic motor system? - ANSWER Cell bodies of post
ganglionic autonomic fibers located in paravertebral, prevertebral (collateral), and
terminal ganglia
Number of neurons from CNS to effector for somatic motor - ANSWER 1
Number of neurons from CNS to effector for autonomic motor - ANSWER 2
Type of neuromuscular junction for somatic motor - ANSWER specialized motor end
plate
Type of neuromuscular junction for autonomic motor - ANSWER No specialization of
postsynaptic membrane. All areas of smooth muscle cells contain receptor proteins for
neurotransmitters
Effect of nerve pulse on muscle for somatic motor - ANSWER Excitatory only
Effect of nerve pulse on muscle for autonomic motor - ANSWER can be excitatory or
inhibitory
Type of nerve fibers for somatic motor - ANSWER Fast conducting, thick, myelinated
Type of nerve fibers for autonomic motor - ANSWER Slow conducting, preganglionic
fibers slightly myelinated but thin, postganglionic fibers un-myelinated and very thin
Effect of denervation on somatic motor - ANSWER Flaccid paralysis and atrophy
,Effect of denervation on autonomic motor - ANSWER Muscle tone and function persist;
target cells show denervation and hypersensitivity
Parasympathetic? what? - ANSWER Rest & digest
sympathetic? What? - ANSWER Fight or flight
What lines either side of the spinal cord? - ANSWER A sympathetic chain of ganglia
Preganglionic axons split from the spinal nerves via ___________ wherein they enter the
________ - ANSWER White Rami : Paravertebral ganglia
Some preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons within the sympathetic
chain of ganglia; these postganglionic neurons leave through the _______ and rejoin the
_____ - ANSWER Grey Rami : Spinal nerves
Some preganglionic fibers simply pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia,
forming ________, and synapse with postganglionic neurons within __________ - ANSWER
Splanchnic nerves : Collateral (pre vertebral) ganglia
Some preganglionic fibers also innervate the ________ , causing it to secrete ______ and
______ into the blood. - ANSWER adrenal medulla : epi and norepi
Mass activation - ANSWER the Sympathetic system is usually activated as a single unit
Where do Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate? - ANSWER Thoracic and lumbar
of spinal cords
Where do parasympathetic nerve fibers originate? - ANSWER The midbrain, Pons,
Medulla, and sacral levels of spinal cord.
Where do preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the
parasympathetic system? - ANSWER Terminal ganglia which lie close to or within target
organs.
What nerves are the primary route of innervation for the parasympathetic nervous
system? - ANSWER Vagus nerves:
Heart
Lungs
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
, Intestines
Where do vagus nerves originate? - ANSWER Medulla
Multiple branches synapse with postganglionic cells at ___________ within target tissues
- ANSWER Terminal ganglia
Paravertebral ganglia = which system? - ANSWER Sympathetic
Prevetebral ganglia = which system - ANSWER Sympathetic
Terminal ganglia = which system? - ANSWER Parasympathetic
"SAME DAVE" - ANSWER Sensory-Afferent-Motor-Efferent
Dorsal-Afferent-Ventral-Efferent
Preganglionic fibers of both divisions are _______ - ANSWER Cholinergic
Most Postganglionic fibers for the Sympathetic system are ______. Some are cholinergic
like those to blood vessels of skeletal muscles and those to sweat glands. - ANSWER
(nor)adrenergic
Most postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system are __________ - ANSWER
Cholinergic
What are the postganglionic receptors for the sympathetic system? Parasympathetic
system? - ANSWER Alpha1 , alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2:
mAChR
Sympathetic adrenergic innervation:
What are the EPSP's (Contraction, Constriction, or vesicle release) and which receptor
causes it? - ANSWER Increase cardiac output (beta 1)
Vasoconstriction at some viscera (alpha 1)
Sympathetic adrenergic innervation:
What are the IPSP's (relaxation, dilation) and which receptor causes it? - ANSWER
Relaxation of bronchioes (beta 2)
Vasodilation at some viscera(beta 2)
Vasodilation at skeletal muscles (beta 2, muscarinic)
