Bio 204 Midterm 1 ALL QUESTIONS || with 100% Correct
Answers.
How old are the oldest fossils of life estimated to be? correct answers 3.5 billion years old
Difference between a molecule and an atom correct answers Molecules are made up of atoms of
the same or different elements; Atoms are the smallest unit of an element and are made up of
protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is SPONCH? (incl. numbers and charge) correct answers Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen; 252341; SPON is negative, CH is positive
polar correct answers partially positive and negative
unlikely molecule correct answers has the wrong amount of bonds for SPONCH
How are covalent bonds formed? correct answers when unpaired valence electrons are shared by
two atoms
relative strength of covalent bonds correct answers very strong, super glue
example of covalent bond correct answers CH4, methane
Which kind of bond gives water its many unique qualities? correct answers Hydrogen bond
How are hydrogen bonds formed? correct answers when the positive end of one molecule is
attracted to the negative end of another molecule
relative strength hydrogen bond correct answers not as strong, velcro
example of hydrogen bond correct answers H2O
5 Unique Characteristics of Water correct answers Heat capacity, ice formation, heat of
vaporization, cohesion, polarity
heat capacity correct answers hydrogen bonds store energy of heating/cooling
ice formation correct answers hydrogen bonds separate atoms of water more in solid than in
liquid state
heat of vaporization correct answers hydrogen bonds retard evaporation. evaporation cools
surrounding atmosphere
cohesion correct answers water molecules stay together in faces of gravity, wind, waves etc
, polarity correct answers water molecules attracted to other polar compounds and ions
Name 4 of the five most common molecules (these are small molecules, not biomolecules) on
prebiotic earth, the raw materials for the primordial soup (the starting solution of the Miller-Urey
experiments). correct answers H2, NH3, H2O, CH4, CO2
What kind of molecules were predicted by Oparin to form in the high energy reducing
atmosphere of prebiotic earth correct answers biomolecular monomers such as monosaccharides,
fatty acids/glycerol, amino acids, nucleic acids
What were the important characteristics of the Miller-Urey experiment regarding pre-biotic
earth? How would the addition of an oxygenated environment change the outcome of the
experiment correct answers started experiment with molecules dominant on early and applied
intense ELECTRICAL high heat energy such as what was found on early earth. Found that
today's monomer biomolecules were appearing in the water. Polymerization, depolymerization,
and other chemical changes rampant. Molecules couldn't persist in this environment
The presence of oxygen would eliminate a situation in which chemical creativity was rampant.
Would change the experiment in which the forms created might have been able to stay alive as
poly, depoly, and other chem changes would not occur so easily
polymerization (dehydration condensation) and depolymerization (hydrolysis) of all four
biomolecules occured chaotically in the primordial soup. What process is the only way a
chemical form can persist in this chaos correct answers if a molecule can use its form as a
template to repeatedly replicate itself, it's form will be preserved
Dehydration condensation; incl initial reactants and products correct answers the chemical
reaction that links monomers to form polymers; squeezes out a molecule of water and requires
energy input
initial: short polymers and unlinked monomers
products: longer polymer
Hydrolysis; incl initial reactants and products correct answers breaks polymers into smaller
polymers and monomers. Releases energy and absorbs molecules of water
Initial: longer polymers
products: short polymers, monomers
general formula for carbs correct answers (CH2O)n
Lipids, polar or nonpolar correct answers nonpolar
Defining characteristics of lipid correct answers insoluble in water/hydrophobic bc nonpolar
Answers.
How old are the oldest fossils of life estimated to be? correct answers 3.5 billion years old
Difference between a molecule and an atom correct answers Molecules are made up of atoms of
the same or different elements; Atoms are the smallest unit of an element and are made up of
protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is SPONCH? (incl. numbers and charge) correct answers Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen; 252341; SPON is negative, CH is positive
polar correct answers partially positive and negative
unlikely molecule correct answers has the wrong amount of bonds for SPONCH
How are covalent bonds formed? correct answers when unpaired valence electrons are shared by
two atoms
relative strength of covalent bonds correct answers very strong, super glue
example of covalent bond correct answers CH4, methane
Which kind of bond gives water its many unique qualities? correct answers Hydrogen bond
How are hydrogen bonds formed? correct answers when the positive end of one molecule is
attracted to the negative end of another molecule
relative strength hydrogen bond correct answers not as strong, velcro
example of hydrogen bond correct answers H2O
5 Unique Characteristics of Water correct answers Heat capacity, ice formation, heat of
vaporization, cohesion, polarity
heat capacity correct answers hydrogen bonds store energy of heating/cooling
ice formation correct answers hydrogen bonds separate atoms of water more in solid than in
liquid state
heat of vaporization correct answers hydrogen bonds retard evaporation. evaporation cools
surrounding atmosphere
cohesion correct answers water molecules stay together in faces of gravity, wind, waves etc
, polarity correct answers water molecules attracted to other polar compounds and ions
Name 4 of the five most common molecules (these are small molecules, not biomolecules) on
prebiotic earth, the raw materials for the primordial soup (the starting solution of the Miller-Urey
experiments). correct answers H2, NH3, H2O, CH4, CO2
What kind of molecules were predicted by Oparin to form in the high energy reducing
atmosphere of prebiotic earth correct answers biomolecular monomers such as monosaccharides,
fatty acids/glycerol, amino acids, nucleic acids
What were the important characteristics of the Miller-Urey experiment regarding pre-biotic
earth? How would the addition of an oxygenated environment change the outcome of the
experiment correct answers started experiment with molecules dominant on early and applied
intense ELECTRICAL high heat energy such as what was found on early earth. Found that
today's monomer biomolecules were appearing in the water. Polymerization, depolymerization,
and other chemical changes rampant. Molecules couldn't persist in this environment
The presence of oxygen would eliminate a situation in which chemical creativity was rampant.
Would change the experiment in which the forms created might have been able to stay alive as
poly, depoly, and other chem changes would not occur so easily
polymerization (dehydration condensation) and depolymerization (hydrolysis) of all four
biomolecules occured chaotically in the primordial soup. What process is the only way a
chemical form can persist in this chaos correct answers if a molecule can use its form as a
template to repeatedly replicate itself, it's form will be preserved
Dehydration condensation; incl initial reactants and products correct answers the chemical
reaction that links monomers to form polymers; squeezes out a molecule of water and requires
energy input
initial: short polymers and unlinked monomers
products: longer polymer
Hydrolysis; incl initial reactants and products correct answers breaks polymers into smaller
polymers and monomers. Releases energy and absorbs molecules of water
Initial: longer polymers
products: short polymers, monomers
general formula for carbs correct answers (CH2O)n
Lipids, polar or nonpolar correct answers nonpolar
Defining characteristics of lipid correct answers insoluble in water/hydrophobic bc nonpolar
