Acute Disease
symptoms appear quickly but the disease lasts only a short time
Chronic Disease
a disease with symptoms that are usually mild, developing gradually and continuing
over a long period of time
Subacute Disease
disease whose time course and symptoms operate between the acute and chronic
diseases
Asymptomatic Disease
disease lacking symptoms
Latent Disease
Disease that shows up a long time after infection
Communicable Disease
a disease that is spread from one host to another
Contagious Disease
communicable disease that is easily spread
,Noncommunicable
disease caused by something other than a host or an opportunistic pathogen
Local Infection
pathogens limited to a small area of the body
Systemic Infection
infection of the many tissues of the body; often circulates in the blood or lymph
Focal Infection
infection that provides a site from which pathogens can infect other parts of the host
Primary Infection
original infection in a given host
Secondary Infection
Infections that follow a primary infection; often by opportunistic pathogens
Suceptibility
ability to become infected with an organism when exposed to it
Contact Transmission: Direct
Requires contact between infected and susceptible host.
"person to person" (touching, kissing, sex) warts, herpes, gonorrhea. Some zoonoses
spread by toucing, scratches, bites, etc. Ringworm, rabies.
Diseases spread include:
,cutaneous anthrax, genital warts, gonorrhea, herpes, rabies, staphylococcus infections,
syphilis
Contact Transmission: Indirect
ex. drinking glasses, toothbrushes, toys, punctures, droplets from sneezing and
coughing (within one meter)
Diseases spread include:
common cold, enterovirus, influenza, measles, Q fever, pneumonia, tetanus and
whooping cough.
Airborne Transmission Diseases
Vehicle Transmission
Diseases spread by airborne:
chicken pox, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, influenza, measles, pulmonary anthrax,
tuberculosis
Waterborne Transmission Diseases
Vehicle Transmission
ex. streams, ponds, pools
Campylobacter infections, cholera, Giardia diarrhea
Food Born Transmission
Vehicle Transmission
ex. poultry, seafood
food poisoning (botulism, staphyloccocal), hep A, listeriosis, tape worms,
toxoplasmosis, typhoid fever
Mechanical Transmission
Vector Transmission
ex. on insect bodies, flies, roaches
E. coli diarrhea, salmonellosis, trachoma
Biological Transmission
, Vector Transmission
ex. lice, mites, mosquitos, ticks
Chagas' disease, lyme disease, malaria, plague, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus
fever, yellow fever
Latency Period
TIME BETWEEN INFECTION AGENT AND ONSET OF INFECTIOUSNESS
incubation period
TIME BETWEEN INFECTION AND ONSET OF SYMPTOMS
Influenza
CONTAGIOUS RESPIRATORY ILLNESS CAUSED BY A VIRUS
• FLU SEASON USUALLY RUNS OCTOBER - MAY, BUT HIGHEST DECEMBER -
FEBRUARY
• CAN BE MILD OR SEVERE IN NATURE - CAN LEAD TO HOSPITALIZATION AND DEATH
• SYMPTOMS - COMES ON VERY SUDDENLY
• FEVER, CHILLS, COUGH, SORE THROAT, RUNNY NOSE, MUSCLE/BODY ACHES,
HEADACHES, FATIGUE,VOMITING, DIARRHEA
• SPREAD BY DROPLET - SNEEZING/COUGHING, MAY ALSO CONTRACT FROM A
FOMITE
• APPROXIMATELY 8% OF THE US POPULATION WILL CONTRACT THE FLU EVERY
YEAR
Influenza - most contagious when?
IN FIRST 3-4 DAYS, MAY SPREAD DISEASE 1 DAY PRIOR TO SYMPTOMS AND UP TO 7
DAYS AFTER SYMPTOMS
Onset of Flu
ONSET OF DISEASE IS APPROXIMATELY 2 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE, BUT CAN BE 1-4
DAYS
Flu Testing Key Points
symptoms appear quickly but the disease lasts only a short time
Chronic Disease
a disease with symptoms that are usually mild, developing gradually and continuing
over a long period of time
Subacute Disease
disease whose time course and symptoms operate between the acute and chronic
diseases
Asymptomatic Disease
disease lacking symptoms
Latent Disease
Disease that shows up a long time after infection
Communicable Disease
a disease that is spread from one host to another
Contagious Disease
communicable disease that is easily spread
,Noncommunicable
disease caused by something other than a host or an opportunistic pathogen
Local Infection
pathogens limited to a small area of the body
Systemic Infection
infection of the many tissues of the body; often circulates in the blood or lymph
Focal Infection
infection that provides a site from which pathogens can infect other parts of the host
Primary Infection
original infection in a given host
Secondary Infection
Infections that follow a primary infection; often by opportunistic pathogens
Suceptibility
ability to become infected with an organism when exposed to it
Contact Transmission: Direct
Requires contact between infected and susceptible host.
"person to person" (touching, kissing, sex) warts, herpes, gonorrhea. Some zoonoses
spread by toucing, scratches, bites, etc. Ringworm, rabies.
Diseases spread include:
,cutaneous anthrax, genital warts, gonorrhea, herpes, rabies, staphylococcus infections,
syphilis
Contact Transmission: Indirect
ex. drinking glasses, toothbrushes, toys, punctures, droplets from sneezing and
coughing (within one meter)
Diseases spread include:
common cold, enterovirus, influenza, measles, Q fever, pneumonia, tetanus and
whooping cough.
Airborne Transmission Diseases
Vehicle Transmission
Diseases spread by airborne:
chicken pox, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, influenza, measles, pulmonary anthrax,
tuberculosis
Waterborne Transmission Diseases
Vehicle Transmission
ex. streams, ponds, pools
Campylobacter infections, cholera, Giardia diarrhea
Food Born Transmission
Vehicle Transmission
ex. poultry, seafood
food poisoning (botulism, staphyloccocal), hep A, listeriosis, tape worms,
toxoplasmosis, typhoid fever
Mechanical Transmission
Vector Transmission
ex. on insect bodies, flies, roaches
E. coli diarrhea, salmonellosis, trachoma
Biological Transmission
, Vector Transmission
ex. lice, mites, mosquitos, ticks
Chagas' disease, lyme disease, malaria, plague, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus
fever, yellow fever
Latency Period
TIME BETWEEN INFECTION AGENT AND ONSET OF INFECTIOUSNESS
incubation period
TIME BETWEEN INFECTION AND ONSET OF SYMPTOMS
Influenza
CONTAGIOUS RESPIRATORY ILLNESS CAUSED BY A VIRUS
• FLU SEASON USUALLY RUNS OCTOBER - MAY, BUT HIGHEST DECEMBER -
FEBRUARY
• CAN BE MILD OR SEVERE IN NATURE - CAN LEAD TO HOSPITALIZATION AND DEATH
• SYMPTOMS - COMES ON VERY SUDDENLY
• FEVER, CHILLS, COUGH, SORE THROAT, RUNNY NOSE, MUSCLE/BODY ACHES,
HEADACHES, FATIGUE,VOMITING, DIARRHEA
• SPREAD BY DROPLET - SNEEZING/COUGHING, MAY ALSO CONTRACT FROM A
FOMITE
• APPROXIMATELY 8% OF THE US POPULATION WILL CONTRACT THE FLU EVERY
YEAR
Influenza - most contagious when?
IN FIRST 3-4 DAYS, MAY SPREAD DISEASE 1 DAY PRIOR TO SYMPTOMS AND UP TO 7
DAYS AFTER SYMPTOMS
Onset of Flu
ONSET OF DISEASE IS APPROXIMATELY 2 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE, BUT CAN BE 1-4
DAYS
Flu Testing Key Points
