Bio 272 exam 1 with complete solutions
totipotent stem cell - Correct Answers -can differentiate into any cell type
pluripotent stem cell - Correct Answers -can differentiate into several (but not all) cell
types
transmission light microscopy - Correct Answers -light passes through specimen
epifluorescence light microscopy - Correct Answers -specific wavelengths are absorbed
by specimen; re-emitted fluorescent light is collected
transmission electron microscopy - Correct Answers -electrons either pass through
sample or are absorbed.
contrast with dyes or stains
- radioactive
- collect in dense areas
scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers -heavy metal stain --> deflects
electrons
nuclear envelope - Correct Answers -lipid bilayer than separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm
has nuclear pore complexes to transport macromolecules
mitochondria - Correct Answers -endosymbiont --> replicates by division in cytoplasm
outer membrane - small molecule/ion permeable
inner membrane - cristae in matrix
site of cellular respiration (oxidative phosphorylation)
plastids - Correct Answers -chloroplasts, chromo- (pigment), leuko- (lipid) , amylo-
(starch)
endosymbiont
selective inner membrane
, photosynthesis (etc) in thylakoid membranes
endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -single membrane bilayer
RER - ribosomes - produce proteins that will be secreted
SER - produce lipids (for membranes etc)
Golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -cisternae layers
modifies proteins from RER - glycosylation, cleaving
packages proteins into transport vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles
endomembrane trafficking system - Correct Answers -ER --> Golgi --> endosome -->
lysosome or plasma membrane
fatty acids - Correct Answers -diacylglycerides form bilayer
saturated - no double bonds in tails
amino acids - Correct Answers -20 major
side chain character --> protein structure
nucleotides - Correct Answers -phosphate + sugar + base
DNA, RNA are polymers
ATP is monomer
26S proteasome - Correct Answers -breaks down proteins
Arp2/3 complex - Correct Answers -creates actin filaments
ribosome - Correct Answers -60S large, 40S small subunits
site of translation
free or RER
x-ray crystallography - Correct Answers -can calculate distribution of atoms, if
substance is highly purified and identical
cryoEM - Correct Answers -complexes are frozen and imaged with TEM
shows shapes of multiple complexes, including conformation or subunit changes
totipotent stem cell - Correct Answers -can differentiate into any cell type
pluripotent stem cell - Correct Answers -can differentiate into several (but not all) cell
types
transmission light microscopy - Correct Answers -light passes through specimen
epifluorescence light microscopy - Correct Answers -specific wavelengths are absorbed
by specimen; re-emitted fluorescent light is collected
transmission electron microscopy - Correct Answers -electrons either pass through
sample or are absorbed.
contrast with dyes or stains
- radioactive
- collect in dense areas
scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers -heavy metal stain --> deflects
electrons
nuclear envelope - Correct Answers -lipid bilayer than separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm
has nuclear pore complexes to transport macromolecules
mitochondria - Correct Answers -endosymbiont --> replicates by division in cytoplasm
outer membrane - small molecule/ion permeable
inner membrane - cristae in matrix
site of cellular respiration (oxidative phosphorylation)
plastids - Correct Answers -chloroplasts, chromo- (pigment), leuko- (lipid) , amylo-
(starch)
endosymbiont
selective inner membrane
, photosynthesis (etc) in thylakoid membranes
endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -single membrane bilayer
RER - ribosomes - produce proteins that will be secreted
SER - produce lipids (for membranes etc)
Golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -cisternae layers
modifies proteins from RER - glycosylation, cleaving
packages proteins into transport vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles
endomembrane trafficking system - Correct Answers -ER --> Golgi --> endosome -->
lysosome or plasma membrane
fatty acids - Correct Answers -diacylglycerides form bilayer
saturated - no double bonds in tails
amino acids - Correct Answers -20 major
side chain character --> protein structure
nucleotides - Correct Answers -phosphate + sugar + base
DNA, RNA are polymers
ATP is monomer
26S proteasome - Correct Answers -breaks down proteins
Arp2/3 complex - Correct Answers -creates actin filaments
ribosome - Correct Answers -60S large, 40S small subunits
site of translation
free or RER
x-ray crystallography - Correct Answers -can calculate distribution of atoms, if
substance is highly purified and identical
cryoEM - Correct Answers -complexes are frozen and imaged with TEM
shows shapes of multiple complexes, including conformation or subunit changes
