CORE RNC Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing
Finals Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. What is the primary role of surfactant in neonatal lung
function?
- A. To facilitate oxygen transport in red blood cells
- B. To promote alveolar collapse
- C. To reduce surface tension and maintain alveolar stability
- D. To prevent blood flow to the lungs
Correct ANS: C. To reduce surface tension and maintain
alveolar stability
Rationale: Surfactant is critical for reducing alveolar surface
tension, preventing collapse during expiration, and supporting
effective gas exchange.
©2025
,2. Which of the following pharmacological agents is the first-line
treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates?
- A. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
- B. Furosemide
- C. Albuterol
- D. Dopamine
Correct ANS: A. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
Rationale: These nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) promote PDA closure by inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis.
3. What pathophysiological mechanism causes necrotizing
enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates?
- A. Hypoxia and ischemia leading to bowel wall necrosis
- B. Immune-mediated inflammation of intestinal tissue
- C. Excessive production of surfactant
- D. Overproduction of gastric acid
Correct ANS: A. Hypoxia and ischemia leading to bowel
wall necrosis
Rationale: NEC occurs when reduced blood flow causes
intestinal hypoxia, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and
necrosis.
©2025
, 4. During neonatal resuscitation, what is the recommended
oxygen concentration for term infants requiring positive pressure
ventilation?
- A. 21% (room air)
- B. 50%
- C. 80%
- D. 100%
Correct ANS: A. 21% (room air)
Rationale: For term neonates, resuscitation should begin with
room air unless oxygen saturation remains low, in which case
supplemental oxygen may be used.
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
5. __________ is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming
neonatal sepsis.
Correct ANS: Blood culture
Rationale: Blood cultures detect pathogens in the
bloodstream and guide targeted antibiotic therapy.
©2025
Finals Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. What is the primary role of surfactant in neonatal lung
function?
- A. To facilitate oxygen transport in red blood cells
- B. To promote alveolar collapse
- C. To reduce surface tension and maintain alveolar stability
- D. To prevent blood flow to the lungs
Correct ANS: C. To reduce surface tension and maintain
alveolar stability
Rationale: Surfactant is critical for reducing alveolar surface
tension, preventing collapse during expiration, and supporting
effective gas exchange.
©2025
,2. Which of the following pharmacological agents is the first-line
treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates?
- A. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
- B. Furosemide
- C. Albuterol
- D. Dopamine
Correct ANS: A. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
Rationale: These nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) promote PDA closure by inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis.
3. What pathophysiological mechanism causes necrotizing
enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates?
- A. Hypoxia and ischemia leading to bowel wall necrosis
- B. Immune-mediated inflammation of intestinal tissue
- C. Excessive production of surfactant
- D. Overproduction of gastric acid
Correct ANS: A. Hypoxia and ischemia leading to bowel
wall necrosis
Rationale: NEC occurs when reduced blood flow causes
intestinal hypoxia, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and
necrosis.
©2025
, 4. During neonatal resuscitation, what is the recommended
oxygen concentration for term infants requiring positive pressure
ventilation?
- A. 21% (room air)
- B. 50%
- C. 80%
- D. 100%
Correct ANS: A. 21% (room air)
Rationale: For term neonates, resuscitation should begin with
room air unless oxygen saturation remains low, in which case
supplemental oxygen may be used.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
5. __________ is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming
neonatal sepsis.
Correct ANS: Blood culture
Rationale: Blood cultures detect pathogens in the
bloodstream and guide targeted antibiotic therapy.
©2025
