SERGEANT EXAM NFLST STUDY GUIDE
14th ammendment - Answers :due process of law
Arrest - Answers :intention, authority, custody
Arrest warrant - Answers :1. Name of the state
2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state)
3. Person who will be arrested
4. Offense Committed
5. Date, time, place of occurrence
6. Name of victim
7. Description of Offense
Mapp v. Ohio - Answers :Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states
(evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
Search Warrant Exceptions - Answers :Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory,
incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
Chimel v. California (1969) - Answers :search is valid of a person and area under him
immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy evidence
Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - Answers :movable vehicle rule
Arizona v. Gant (2009) - Answers :can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will
find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment.
inductive reasoning - Answers :factual and logical explanation of the crime
deductive reasoning - Answers :hypothesis
neighborhood canvas - Answers :helpful in about 20% of investigations
vehicle canvas - Answers :get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with
description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence.
Primary v. secondary scenes - Answers :primary is where first criminal act occurred,
secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
Evidence in "open view" - Answers :processed before other items/bodies to make sure
no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk.
3 kinds of evidence - Answers :Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to
prove the commission of the crime
, Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or victim/ or connects the scene or
victim to the suspect
Tracing - identification and location of the suspect such as a discarded ID at the scene.
Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after the boundary
has been determined - Answers :Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel
Digital photography (far/medium/close) - Answers :Orientation - far, Relationship -
medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence
Class characteristics - Answers :not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe
Individual characteristics - Answers :fingerprints/footprints, etc.
Residue prints - Answers :prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire.
Impressions - Answers :prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc.
Plastic prints - Answers :prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods,
caulking
Patent/contaminated/visible - Answers :fingers contaminated with an oily substance
touch a clean surface
Latent/invisible - Answers :unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose them
Forensic ondontology - Answers :intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark
analysis and identification.
Signature - Answers :The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the
barrel of a rifle or pistol
Touch DNA - Answers :small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin shavings
after touching something.
Handwriting samples - Answers :15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
Objective of interrogation: (importance goes up as the difficulty goes up) - Answers
:Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify the guilty, Obtain a confession
Proximity - Answers :distance between you and subject during interview (optimal
proximity 27 in. for middle class white males)
14th ammendment - Answers :due process of law
Arrest - Answers :intention, authority, custody
Arrest warrant - Answers :1. Name of the state
2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state)
3. Person who will be arrested
4. Offense Committed
5. Date, time, place of occurrence
6. Name of victim
7. Description of Offense
Mapp v. Ohio - Answers :Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states
(evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
Search Warrant Exceptions - Answers :Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory,
incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
Chimel v. California (1969) - Answers :search is valid of a person and area under him
immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy evidence
Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - Answers :movable vehicle rule
Arizona v. Gant (2009) - Answers :can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will
find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment.
inductive reasoning - Answers :factual and logical explanation of the crime
deductive reasoning - Answers :hypothesis
neighborhood canvas - Answers :helpful in about 20% of investigations
vehicle canvas - Answers :get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with
description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence.
Primary v. secondary scenes - Answers :primary is where first criminal act occurred,
secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
Evidence in "open view" - Answers :processed before other items/bodies to make sure
no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk.
3 kinds of evidence - Answers :Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to
prove the commission of the crime
, Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or victim/ or connects the scene or
victim to the suspect
Tracing - identification and location of the suspect such as a discarded ID at the scene.
Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after the boundary
has been determined - Answers :Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel
Digital photography (far/medium/close) - Answers :Orientation - far, Relationship -
medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence
Class characteristics - Answers :not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe
Individual characteristics - Answers :fingerprints/footprints, etc.
Residue prints - Answers :prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire.
Impressions - Answers :prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc.
Plastic prints - Answers :prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods,
caulking
Patent/contaminated/visible - Answers :fingers contaminated with an oily substance
touch a clean surface
Latent/invisible - Answers :unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose them
Forensic ondontology - Answers :intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark
analysis and identification.
Signature - Answers :The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the
barrel of a rifle or pistol
Touch DNA - Answers :small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin shavings
after touching something.
Handwriting samples - Answers :15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
Objective of interrogation: (importance goes up as the difficulty goes up) - Answers
:Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify the guilty, Obtain a confession
Proximity - Answers :distance between you and subject during interview (optimal
proximity 27 in. for middle class white males)
