Mock examination clinical anaesthesia complete study guide review A graded

LMMU CLINICAL ANAESTHESIA 4TH YEARS MOCK EXAMINATION DATE: 31st October, 2023 INSTRUCTIONS: There are three sections in this question paper with 20 number of pages. SECTION A Answer all questions in each section. Duration of exam is 2hours 30min ANSWER TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F) 1. The expression that for a given fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the product of pressure and volume is constant is known as… (a) Grahams law (b) Bernoulis principle (c) Boyles law (d) Daltons law (e) Charles law 2. Applications of the Doppler shift in the measurement of blood flow involve changes in… (a) electrical conductivity of a moving stream of blood (b) temperature of blood as it moves peripherally (c) frequency response of the arterial wall (d) frequency of reflected ultrasound waves (e) harmonic waves of reflected arterial pulses 3. Viscosity... (a) of a liquid rises as its temperature rises (b) decreases as the temperature of a gas increases 1 Downloaded by Morris Muthii () lOMoARcPSD| (c) is dependent on Van der Waal’s forces (d) is dependent on molecular cohesiveness (e) is measured in pascal/second 4. In the oscilloscope… (a) a hot cathode is used to produce an electron beam, which passes through two deflecting devices (b) the saw-tooth potential deflects the beam in the X direction (c) for an ECG a 1-mV calibration signal gives 1 cm vertical displacement of the trace (d) there is a digital record with the simple oscilloscope (e) there is a phosphorus screen 5. Regarding oxygen failure warning alarms… (a) when activated the auditory alarm shall last 2 s (b) the energy required to operate the alarm shall be derived solely from the oxygen supply pressure (c) the alarm shall be activated when the oxygen supply pressure starts to fall (d) when activated the flow of nitrous oxide shall be shut off (e) is flow dependent 6. Gases or vapours whose infrared absorption bands overlap those used in the detection of carbon dioxide include… (a) oxygen (b) water vapour (c) helium (d) halothane (e) nitrous oxide 7. Concerning a vaporiser for use inside a circle system…. (a) it must be temperature compensated (b) it is best situated on the inspiratory limb (c) its interval volume must be greater than the patient’s tidal volume (d) accurate calibration is not essential (e) it is generally unsuitable for administration of halothane 8. The following are true of the ideal intravascular pressure measurement device. (a) the resonance frequency is less than 40 Hz 2 Downloaded by Morris Muthii () lOMoARcPSD| (b) the damping coefficient is 0.6 (c) the manometer tubing is compliant (d) the manometer tubing is of small diameter (e) the transducer should have a rigid diaphragm 9. Concerning the chi-squared test…. (a) the samples must be drawn randomly from the population (b) measured variables must be independent (c) observed frequencies cannot be too small (d) it includes a calculation for expected values (e) data must be reported in raw frequencies 10. Regarding electroconvulsive therapy…. (a) it uses a current up to 850 mA (b) it uses a frequency of 10–50 Hz (c) the pulse duration is about 2.0 s (d) the potential is about 250 V (e) the potential depends on the impedance 11. In a process changing exponentially…. (a) the time constant is the time taken for 63% of the process to occur (b) one time constant is the same as two half-lives of the process (c) after two-time constants 87% of the process has occurred (d) after three-time constants all the process has occurred (e) the rate of change is constant 12. MRI scanners… (a) use two magnetic fields perpendicular to each other (b) use helium as a coolant (c) develop a field of 12–14 Tesla (d) should not be used for patients with non-ferric rings (e) should be connected to monitoring devices using plastic tubing or fibreoptic cables 13. Oxygen concentrators…. (a) contain aluminium silicate (b) produce at least 92% oxygen 3 Downloaded by Morris Muthii () (c) cannot be used in aircraft lOMoARcPSD| (d) can be used to supply hospitals with oxygen (e) provide a gas with a concentration of argon lower than in air 14. The electromagnetic flow meter…. (a) is used to measure blood flow (b) consists of C-shaped probes and one electrode (c) uses a steady-state rather than an alternating magnetic field to improve the stability of the measured value (d) measures an average velocity (e) is calibrated according to the vessel on which the measurements are to be made 15. Regarding infrared analysis…. (a) gases which have two or more different molecules absorb infrared radiation (b) the Beer–Lambert law applies (c) the chamber windows absorb infrared radiation (d) the sample chamber is made small (e) the response time is about 200 ms 16. Critical pressure…. (a) is the pressure at which a gas liquefies at its critical temperature (b) is the pressure of saturated vapour at critical temperature (c) for nitrous oxide is about 73 bar (d) for oxygen is about 50 atm (e) is directly dependent on the temperature of the gas 17. Regarding humidity…. (a) absolute humidity of fully saturated air at 37C contains 44 mg/l water (b) the inspired air is saturated by the time it reaches the trachea (c) humidified gas reduces heat loss by sparing the latent heat of vaporisation (d) humidity of alveolar gas reduces with altitude (e) absolute humidity is dependent on the ambient temperature 18. The operation of a standard cylinder pressure gauge is based on the… (a) critical flow rate principle (b) Bernoulli principle (c) fixed orifice principle