PSY322 Final Exam Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
What statements best describes the process of child development? - ANSWER
Children's knowledge and physical abilities increase quantitatively and children also
change qualitatively over time.
How have slavery and colonialism influenced childcare in oppressed cultures? -
ANSWER Parents in oppressed groups have tended to rely on a firm disciplinary
approach in order to protect their children. Extended families and communities take a
larger role in raising children.
A teacher notices that a student of Middle Eastern decent will not speak in stressful
situations. Rather than insist on verbalization during conflicts or arguments, the teacher
allows the child to remain silent. This is an example of: - ANSWER An understanding of
cultural diversity in social development.
Ethnographic research is used to study child development: - ANSWER Within their
cultural context.
Over time, Ms. Oha observes her students and makes notes on their progress. She takes
watches how her students solving problems and analyzes their work to develop
strategies to maximize their success. Mrs. Oha is engaging in: - ANSWER formative
assessment.
Learning the ABC's is an example of a ____________________________________ change,
while a child's ability to consider someone else's perspective where previously they had
only been able to consider their own is an example of a
______________________________________ change. - ANSWER quantitative, qualitative
Although the assessment and accountability movement is a "mixed blessing" and has
it's problems, all of the following have been useful outcomes of this movement EXCEPT: -
ANSWER Helps create a well-rounded academic experience for students, including art
and play.
Understanding child development can provide a guide in all of the following EXCEPT: -
ANSWER Helping a teacher accelerate a child's development past certain
developmental stages.
Compared to a summative assessment, a formative assessment is usually: - ANSWER
Performed more frequently
A study which compares groups of people who differ in age but who are similar in other
characteristics is _____________________________; whereas a study which follows the
,same individuals over time is __________________________. - ANSWER cross-sectional,
longitudinal
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has low warmth and high control. - ANSWER
Authoritarian
Which of the following is an example of a family stressor (risk factor) that may affect or
threaten children's development or family functioning: - ANSWER Divorce
Homelessness
Substance Abuse
The psychological state in which individuals possess protective factors that help them
overcome the negative effects of stressors is called: - ANSWER Resilience.
Researchers have suggested that nuclear families may have an advantage due to the
prevalence of two-parent incomes. This potential economic advantage has been found
to contribute to all of the following: - ANSWER - tendency to score higher in measures of
health and psychological well-being.
- lower rates of illness and substance abuse.
- relatively high level of academic success.
Researchers have concluded that children raised in gay or lesbian families are likely to:
- ANSWER show the same developmental trends as other children.
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has high warmth and high control - ANSWER
Authoritative
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has high warmth and low control. - ANSWER
Permissive-Indulgent
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has low warmth and low control - ANSWER
Permissive-Neglectful
True or false: Ecological systems theory emphasizes the importance of family and
cultural influences on individual development. - ANSWER True
Which of the following strategies would a socio-cultural theorist be likely to support? -
ANSWER Providing scaffolding for new skill/concept development and then gradually
fading support.
Which of the following strategies would a behaviorist be likely to support? - ANSWER
Modeling, reinforcement, and "time out".
According to Piaget's theory, __________________________is when new information is
integrated into what we already know, and ___________________________ is when what we
already know is changed to make room for new information. - ANSWER Assimilation,
, accommodation.
Which of the following strategies would Freud be likely to support? - ANSWER
Psychoanalysis, in which children address anxieties and express instinctual desires.
bdul was a fussy baby and did not respond well to strangers. As he grew, he continued
to be shy and uncomfortable around new people. As an adult, he still feels awkward in
social situations that involve a lot of people. How would a psychoanalytic theorist
explain Abdul's shyness? - ANSWER Early in his life, Abdul failed to gain trust with his
caretakers. This influenced his development into adulthood.
True or false: There is a single, universal theory of child development. - ANSWER False
True or false: Maturation theory believes that genetics are the most important to child
development. - ANSWER True
A theory of child development is... - ANSWER - a belief system that is practical.
- a description of how and why children grow, learn, and behave as they do.
- a guide for adults in making decisions about teaching and caring for children.
True of false: Classical conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment while Operant
condition uses pairing and association to change/teach behavior. - ANSWER False
All cultures have some person(s) who is responsible for educating the new mother and
supporting her through the birth process. All of the following are examples of childbirth
supports - ANSWER childbirth companion.
midwife.
physician
In the dilation stage of childbirth: - ANSWER contractions begin at regular intervals and
become more frequent.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a potential risk for pregnant mothers who: - ANSWER
drink alcohol at any point in their pregnancies.
The blueprint of each human is contained in their__________________________, which have
segments that determine a person's individual characteristics, which are called
___________________. - ANSWER DNA, genes
Complete Solutions
What statements best describes the process of child development? - ANSWER
Children's knowledge and physical abilities increase quantitatively and children also
change qualitatively over time.
How have slavery and colonialism influenced childcare in oppressed cultures? -
ANSWER Parents in oppressed groups have tended to rely on a firm disciplinary
approach in order to protect their children. Extended families and communities take a
larger role in raising children.
A teacher notices that a student of Middle Eastern decent will not speak in stressful
situations. Rather than insist on verbalization during conflicts or arguments, the teacher
allows the child to remain silent. This is an example of: - ANSWER An understanding of
cultural diversity in social development.
Ethnographic research is used to study child development: - ANSWER Within their
cultural context.
Over time, Ms. Oha observes her students and makes notes on their progress. She takes
watches how her students solving problems and analyzes their work to develop
strategies to maximize their success. Mrs. Oha is engaging in: - ANSWER formative
assessment.
Learning the ABC's is an example of a ____________________________________ change,
while a child's ability to consider someone else's perspective where previously they had
only been able to consider their own is an example of a
______________________________________ change. - ANSWER quantitative, qualitative
Although the assessment and accountability movement is a "mixed blessing" and has
it's problems, all of the following have been useful outcomes of this movement EXCEPT: -
ANSWER Helps create a well-rounded academic experience for students, including art
and play.
Understanding child development can provide a guide in all of the following EXCEPT: -
ANSWER Helping a teacher accelerate a child's development past certain
developmental stages.
Compared to a summative assessment, a formative assessment is usually: - ANSWER
Performed more frequently
A study which compares groups of people who differ in age but who are similar in other
characteristics is _____________________________; whereas a study which follows the
,same individuals over time is __________________________. - ANSWER cross-sectional,
longitudinal
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has low warmth and high control. - ANSWER
Authoritarian
Which of the following is an example of a family stressor (risk factor) that may affect or
threaten children's development or family functioning: - ANSWER Divorce
Homelessness
Substance Abuse
The psychological state in which individuals possess protective factors that help them
overcome the negative effects of stressors is called: - ANSWER Resilience.
Researchers have suggested that nuclear families may have an advantage due to the
prevalence of two-parent incomes. This potential economic advantage has been found
to contribute to all of the following: - ANSWER - tendency to score higher in measures of
health and psychological well-being.
- lower rates of illness and substance abuse.
- relatively high level of academic success.
Researchers have concluded that children raised in gay or lesbian families are likely to:
- ANSWER show the same developmental trends as other children.
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has high warmth and high control - ANSWER
Authoritative
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has high warmth and low control. - ANSWER
Permissive-Indulgent
_______________ is the Parenting Style that has low warmth and low control - ANSWER
Permissive-Neglectful
True or false: Ecological systems theory emphasizes the importance of family and
cultural influences on individual development. - ANSWER True
Which of the following strategies would a socio-cultural theorist be likely to support? -
ANSWER Providing scaffolding for new skill/concept development and then gradually
fading support.
Which of the following strategies would a behaviorist be likely to support? - ANSWER
Modeling, reinforcement, and "time out".
According to Piaget's theory, __________________________is when new information is
integrated into what we already know, and ___________________________ is when what we
already know is changed to make room for new information. - ANSWER Assimilation,
, accommodation.
Which of the following strategies would Freud be likely to support? - ANSWER
Psychoanalysis, in which children address anxieties and express instinctual desires.
bdul was a fussy baby and did not respond well to strangers. As he grew, he continued
to be shy and uncomfortable around new people. As an adult, he still feels awkward in
social situations that involve a lot of people. How would a psychoanalytic theorist
explain Abdul's shyness? - ANSWER Early in his life, Abdul failed to gain trust with his
caretakers. This influenced his development into adulthood.
True or false: There is a single, universal theory of child development. - ANSWER False
True or false: Maturation theory believes that genetics are the most important to child
development. - ANSWER True
A theory of child development is... - ANSWER - a belief system that is practical.
- a description of how and why children grow, learn, and behave as they do.
- a guide for adults in making decisions about teaching and caring for children.
True of false: Classical conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment while Operant
condition uses pairing and association to change/teach behavior. - ANSWER False
All cultures have some person(s) who is responsible for educating the new mother and
supporting her through the birth process. All of the following are examples of childbirth
supports - ANSWER childbirth companion.
midwife.
physician
In the dilation stage of childbirth: - ANSWER contractions begin at regular intervals and
become more frequent.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a potential risk for pregnant mothers who: - ANSWER
drink alcohol at any point in their pregnancies.
The blueprint of each human is contained in their__________________________, which have
segments that determine a person's individual characteristics, which are called
___________________. - ANSWER DNA, genes
