r r r
Whatwstatementwiswtruewregardingwdecisionwmaking?
A) Itwisranwanalysiswofwawsituation
B) Itwiswcloselywrelatedwtowevaluation
C) Itrinvolveswchoosingwbetweenwcourseswofwaction
D) Itwiswdependentwuponwfindingwthewcausewofwawproblemw-
Ans:wCwFeedback:
r
Decisionwmakingwiswawcomplexwcognitivewprocesswoftenwdefinedwaswchoosingwawparticul
arwcourserofwaction.wProblemwsolvingwisrpartwofwdecisionwmakingrandwiswawsystematicwpr
ocesswthatwfocusesronwanalyzingwawdifficultwsituation.wCriticalwthinking,wsometimesrreferr
edwtowaswreflectiverthinking,wiswrelatedwtorevaluationwandwhasrawbroaderwscoperthanwde
cisionwmakingrandwproblemwsolving.
Whatwiswawweaknesswofwthewtraditionalwproblem-solvingwmodel?
A) Itswneedwforwimplementationwtime
B) Itswlackwofwawstepwrequiringwevaluationwofwresults
C) Itswfailurewtowgatherwsufficientwdata
D) Itswfailurewtowevaluatewalternativesw-
w Ans:wAwFeedback:
Thewtraditionalwproblem-
solvingwmodelwiswlessweffectivewwhenwtimewconstraintswarewawconsideration.wDecisionw
makingwcanwoccurwwithoutwthewfullwanalysiswrequiredwinwproblemwsolving.wBecausewprob
lemwsolvingwattemptswtowidentifywthewrootwproblemwinwsituations,wmuchwtimewandwene
rgywarewspentwonwidentifyingwthewrealwproblem.
Whichwofwthewfollowingwstatementsriswtruewregardingwdecisionwmaking?
A) Scientificrmethodswprovidewidenticalwdecisionswbywdifferentwindividualswforwt
hewsamewproblems
,B) Decisionswarewgreatlywinfluencedwbyweachwperson'swvaluewsystem
C) Personalwbeliefswcanwbewadjustedwforwwhenwthewscientificrapproachwtowproble
mwsolvingwiswused
D) Pastwexperiencewhaswlittlewtowdowwithwthewqualitywofwthewdecisionw-
Ans:wBwFeedback:
r
Values,wlifewexperience,windividualwpreference,wandwindividualwwayswofwthinkingwwillwin
fluencewawperson'srdecisionwmaking.wNowmatterwhowwobjectivewthewcriteriawwillwbe,wvalu
ewjudgmentswwillwalwayswplaywawpartwinwawperson'swdecisionwmaking,weitherwconsciousl
yworwsubconsciously.
Whatwinfluenceswthewqualitywofwawdecisionwmostroften?
A) Thewdecisionwmaker'swimmediatewsuperior
B) Thewtypewofwdecisionwthatwneedswtorbewmade
C) Questionswaskedwandwalternativeswgenerated
D) Thewtimerofwdaywthewdecisionwiswmadew-
w Ans:wCwFeedback:
Thewgreaterwthewnumberwofwalternativeswthatwcanwbewgeneratedwbywthewdecisionwmaker,w
thewbetterwthewfinalwdecisionwwillwbe.wThewalternativeswgeneratedwandwtherfinalwchoice
srarewlimitedwbyweachwperson'swvaluewsystem.
Whatwdoesrknowledgewaboutwgoodwdecisionwmakingwleadwonewtowbelieve?
A) Goodwdecisionwmakerswarewusuallywright-brain,wintuitivewthinkers
B) Effectivewdecisionwmakerswarersensitivewtowthewsituationwandwtorothers
C) Goodwdecisionswarewusuallywmadewbywleft-brain,wlogicalwthinkers
D) Goodwdecisionwmakingwrequiresranalyticalwratherwthanwcreativerprocessesw-
w Ans:wBwFeedback:
Goodwdecisionwmakerswseemwtowhaverantennaerthatwmakerthemwparticularlywsensitivew
towotherwpeoplewandwsituations.wLeft-
brainwthinkerswarewtypicallywbetterwatwprocessingwlanguage,wlogic,wnumbers,wandwseque
ntialwordering,wwhereaswright-brainwthinkerswexcelwat
,nonverbalwideationwandwholisticwsynthesizing.
Whatwiswthewbestrdefinitionwofwdecisionwmaking?
A) Thewplanningwprocesswofwmanagement
B) Thewevaluationwphasewofwthewexecutivewrole
C) Onewstepwinwthewproblem-solvingwprocess
D) Requiredwtowjustifywthewneedwforwscarcewitemsr-
Ans:wCwFeedback:
w
Decisionwmakingwiswawcomplex,wcognitivewprocessroftenwdefinedwaswchoosingrawparticular
coursewofwaction.wDecisionwmaking,wonewstepwinwthewproblem-
w
solvingwprocess,wiswanwimportantwtaskwthatwreliesrheavilywonwcriticalwthinkingwandwclinic
alwreasoningrskills.
Ifwdecisionwmakingwisrtriggeredwbywawproblemwwithwwhatwdoeswitwend?
A) Anwalternativerproblem
B) Archosenwcoursewofwaction
C) Anwactionwthatwguaranteeswsuccess
D) Arrestatementwofwthewsolutionw-
Ans:wBwFeedback:
w
Ardecisionwisrmaderwhenwawcoursewofwactionwhaswbeenwchosen.wProblemwsolvingwiswpartro
fwdecisionwmakingwandwiswawsystematicwprocesswthatwfocuseswonwanalyzingwawdifficultwsi
tuation.wProblemwsolvingwalwayswincludeswawdecision-makingwstep.
Whywdowourwvalueswoftenwcausewpersonalwconflictwinwdecisionwmaking?
A) Somervaluesrarewnotwrealisticworwhealthy
B) Notwallwvalueswarewofwequalwworth
C) Ourwvalueswremainwunchangedwoverwtime
D) Ourwvalueswoftenwcollidewwithwonewanotherw-
Ans:wDwFeedback:
w
Values,wlifewexperience,windividualwpreference,wandwindividualwwayswofwthinkingwwill
, influencewawperson'srdecisionwmaking.wNowmatterwhowwobjectivewthewcriteriawwillwbe,wval
uewjudgmentswwillwalwayswplaywawpartwinwawperson'swdecisionwmaking,weitherwconscious
lyworwsubconsciously.
Whichwstatementwiswtruewconcerningwcriticalwthinking?
A) Itwisrawsimplewapproachwtordecisionwmaking
B) Itriswnarrowerwinwscopewthanwdecisionwmaking
C) Itwrequireswreasoningwandwcreativewanalysis
D) Itriswawsynonymwforwthewproblem-solvingwprocessr-
Ans:wCwFeedback:
r
Criticalwthinkingwhaswawbroaderwscopewthanwdecisionwmakingwandwproblemwsolving.wItwis
w sometimeswreferredwtowaswreflectivewthinking.wCriticalwthinkingwalsowinvolveswreflectin
gwuponwthewmeaningwofwstatements,wexaminingwthewofferedwevidencewandwreasoning,wa
ndwformingwjudgmentswaboutwfacts.
Howwdowadministrativewmanwmanagerswmakewthewmajoritywofwtheirwdecisions?
A) Afterwgatheringwallwthewfacts
B) Inwawmannerwgoodwenoughwtowsolvewtherproblem
C) Inwawrational,wlogicalwmanner
D) Afterwgeneratingrallwthewalternativesrpossiblew-
w Ans:wBwFeedback:
Manywmanagerswmakerdecisionswthatwarewjustwìgoodwenoughîwbecausewofwlackwofwtim
e,wenergy,worwcreativitywtowgeneratewawnumberwofwalternatives.wThiswiswalsowcalledwìsa
tisficing.îwMostwpeoplewmakewdecisionswtoowquicklywandwfailwtorsystematicallywexaminew
awproblemworwitsralternativesrforwsolution.
Whatwneedswtowbewconsideredwinwevaluatingwthewqualitywofwone'swdecisions?
A) Isrevaluationwnecessarywwhenwusingwawgoodwdecision-makingwmodel?
B) Canwevaluationwbeweliminatedwifwthewproblemwiswresolved?
Whatwstatementwiswtruewregardingwdecisionwmaking?
A) Itwisranwanalysiswofwawsituation
B) Itwiswcloselywrelatedwtowevaluation
C) Itrinvolveswchoosingwbetweenwcourseswofwaction
D) Itwiswdependentwuponwfindingwthewcausewofwawproblemw-
Ans:wCwFeedback:
r
Decisionwmakingwiswawcomplexwcognitivewprocesswoftenwdefinedwaswchoosingwawparticul
arwcourserofwaction.wProblemwsolvingwisrpartwofwdecisionwmakingrandwiswawsystematicwpr
ocesswthatwfocusesronwanalyzingwawdifficultwsituation.wCriticalwthinking,wsometimesrreferr
edwtowaswreflectiverthinking,wiswrelatedwtorevaluationwandwhasrawbroaderwscoperthanwde
cisionwmakingrandwproblemwsolving.
Whatwiswawweaknesswofwthewtraditionalwproblem-solvingwmodel?
A) Itswneedwforwimplementationwtime
B) Itswlackwofwawstepwrequiringwevaluationwofwresults
C) Itswfailurewtowgatherwsufficientwdata
D) Itswfailurewtowevaluatewalternativesw-
w Ans:wAwFeedback:
Thewtraditionalwproblem-
solvingwmodelwiswlessweffectivewwhenwtimewconstraintswarewawconsideration.wDecisionw
makingwcanwoccurwwithoutwthewfullwanalysiswrequiredwinwproblemwsolving.wBecausewprob
lemwsolvingwattemptswtowidentifywthewrootwproblemwinwsituations,wmuchwtimewandwene
rgywarewspentwonwidentifyingwthewrealwproblem.
Whichwofwthewfollowingwstatementsriswtruewregardingwdecisionwmaking?
A) Scientificrmethodswprovidewidenticalwdecisionswbywdifferentwindividualswforwt
hewsamewproblems
,B) Decisionswarewgreatlywinfluencedwbyweachwperson'swvaluewsystem
C) Personalwbeliefswcanwbewadjustedwforwwhenwthewscientificrapproachwtowproble
mwsolvingwiswused
D) Pastwexperiencewhaswlittlewtowdowwithwthewqualitywofwthewdecisionw-
Ans:wBwFeedback:
r
Values,wlifewexperience,windividualwpreference,wandwindividualwwayswofwthinkingwwillwin
fluencewawperson'srdecisionwmaking.wNowmatterwhowwobjectivewthewcriteriawwillwbe,wvalu
ewjudgmentswwillwalwayswplaywawpartwinwawperson'swdecisionwmaking,weitherwconsciousl
yworwsubconsciously.
Whatwinfluenceswthewqualitywofwawdecisionwmostroften?
A) Thewdecisionwmaker'swimmediatewsuperior
B) Thewtypewofwdecisionwthatwneedswtorbewmade
C) Questionswaskedwandwalternativeswgenerated
D) Thewtimerofwdaywthewdecisionwiswmadew-
w Ans:wCwFeedback:
Thewgreaterwthewnumberwofwalternativeswthatwcanwbewgeneratedwbywthewdecisionwmaker,w
thewbetterwthewfinalwdecisionwwillwbe.wThewalternativeswgeneratedwandwtherfinalwchoice
srarewlimitedwbyweachwperson'swvaluewsystem.
Whatwdoesrknowledgewaboutwgoodwdecisionwmakingwleadwonewtowbelieve?
A) Goodwdecisionwmakerswarewusuallywright-brain,wintuitivewthinkers
B) Effectivewdecisionwmakerswarersensitivewtowthewsituationwandwtorothers
C) Goodwdecisionswarewusuallywmadewbywleft-brain,wlogicalwthinkers
D) Goodwdecisionwmakingwrequiresranalyticalwratherwthanwcreativerprocessesw-
w Ans:wBwFeedback:
Goodwdecisionwmakerswseemwtowhaverantennaerthatwmakerthemwparticularlywsensitivew
towotherwpeoplewandwsituations.wLeft-
brainwthinkerswarewtypicallywbetterwatwprocessingwlanguage,wlogic,wnumbers,wandwseque
ntialwordering,wwhereaswright-brainwthinkerswexcelwat
,nonverbalwideationwandwholisticwsynthesizing.
Whatwiswthewbestrdefinitionwofwdecisionwmaking?
A) Thewplanningwprocesswofwmanagement
B) Thewevaluationwphasewofwthewexecutivewrole
C) Onewstepwinwthewproblem-solvingwprocess
D) Requiredwtowjustifywthewneedwforwscarcewitemsr-
Ans:wCwFeedback:
w
Decisionwmakingwiswawcomplex,wcognitivewprocessroftenwdefinedwaswchoosingrawparticular
coursewofwaction.wDecisionwmaking,wonewstepwinwthewproblem-
w
solvingwprocess,wiswanwimportantwtaskwthatwreliesrheavilywonwcriticalwthinkingwandwclinic
alwreasoningrskills.
Ifwdecisionwmakingwisrtriggeredwbywawproblemwwithwwhatwdoeswitwend?
A) Anwalternativerproblem
B) Archosenwcoursewofwaction
C) Anwactionwthatwguaranteeswsuccess
D) Arrestatementwofwthewsolutionw-
Ans:wBwFeedback:
w
Ardecisionwisrmaderwhenwawcoursewofwactionwhaswbeenwchosen.wProblemwsolvingwiswpartro
fwdecisionwmakingwandwiswawsystematicwprocesswthatwfocuseswonwanalyzingwawdifficultwsi
tuation.wProblemwsolvingwalwayswincludeswawdecision-makingwstep.
Whywdowourwvalueswoftenwcausewpersonalwconflictwinwdecisionwmaking?
A) Somervaluesrarewnotwrealisticworwhealthy
B) Notwallwvalueswarewofwequalwworth
C) Ourwvalueswremainwunchangedwoverwtime
D) Ourwvalueswoftenwcollidewwithwonewanotherw-
Ans:wDwFeedback:
w
Values,wlifewexperience,windividualwpreference,wandwindividualwwayswofwthinkingwwill
, influencewawperson'srdecisionwmaking.wNowmatterwhowwobjectivewthewcriteriawwillwbe,wval
uewjudgmentswwillwalwayswplaywawpartwinwawperson'swdecisionwmaking,weitherwconscious
lyworwsubconsciously.
Whichwstatementwiswtruewconcerningwcriticalwthinking?
A) Itwisrawsimplewapproachwtordecisionwmaking
B) Itriswnarrowerwinwscopewthanwdecisionwmaking
C) Itwrequireswreasoningwandwcreativewanalysis
D) Itriswawsynonymwforwthewproblem-solvingwprocessr-
Ans:wCwFeedback:
r
Criticalwthinkingwhaswawbroaderwscopewthanwdecisionwmakingwandwproblemwsolving.wItwis
w sometimeswreferredwtowaswreflectivewthinking.wCriticalwthinkingwalsowinvolveswreflectin
gwuponwthewmeaningwofwstatements,wexaminingwthewofferedwevidencewandwreasoning,wa
ndwformingwjudgmentswaboutwfacts.
Howwdowadministrativewmanwmanagerswmakewthewmajoritywofwtheirwdecisions?
A) Afterwgatheringwallwthewfacts
B) Inwawmannerwgoodwenoughwtowsolvewtherproblem
C) Inwawrational,wlogicalwmanner
D) Afterwgeneratingrallwthewalternativesrpossiblew-
w Ans:wBwFeedback:
Manywmanagerswmakerdecisionswthatwarewjustwìgoodwenoughîwbecausewofwlackwofwtim
e,wenergy,worwcreativitywtowgeneratewawnumberwofwalternatives.wThiswiswalsowcalledwìsa
tisficing.îwMostwpeoplewmakewdecisionswtoowquicklywandwfailwtorsystematicallywexaminew
awproblemworwitsralternativesrforwsolution.
Whatwneedswtowbewconsideredwinwevaluatingwthewqualitywofwone'swdecisions?
A) Isrevaluationwnecessarywwhenwusingwawgoodwdecision-makingwmodel?
B) Canwevaluationwbeweliminatedwifwthewproblemwiswresolved?
