SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 1
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
DIPIRO'S PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 12TH EDITION| TWELFTH EDITION, (2023)
BY JOSEPH T. DIPIRO, GARY C. YEE, STUART T. HAINES, THOMAS D. NOLIN, VICKI ELLINGROD AND L.
MICHAEL POSEY
ALL CHAPTERS 1-167| 20 UNITS| LATEST VERSION WITH DETAILED ANSWERS| VERIFIED| GRADE A+
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 2
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES__________________________ 10
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES, L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS
D. NOLIN _______________________________________________________________ 10
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS _______________________________ 10
CHAPTER 2: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION USE _________________ 29
CHAPTER 3: EXPLORING CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND EQUITY IN
HEALTHCARE ______________________________________________________________ 43
CHAPTER 4: MEDICATION SAFETY ________________________________________ 62
CHAPTER 5: MEDICATION ADHERENCE ___________________________________ 82
CHAPTER 6: CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
___________________________________________________________________________ 100
CHAPTER 7: CLINICAL PHARMACOGENOMICS _________________________ 115
CHAPTER 8: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY____________________________________ 128
SECTION 2: COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS _______________ 143
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY, JOSEPH T. DIPIRO AND VICKI L.
ELLINGROD __________________________________________________________ 143
CHAPTER 9: FEVER ______________________________________________________ 143
CHAPTER 10: PAIN AND HEADACHE ____________________________________ 160
CHAPTER 11: MINOR OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS _______________________ 178
CHAPTER 12: MINOR OTIC DISORDERS (CERUMEN IMPACTION, OTITIS
EXTERNAL) _______________________________________________________________ 196
CHAPTER 13: NONSPECIFIC RESPIRATORY TRACT SYMPTOMS (WITH
COUGH)___________________________________________________________________ 213
CHAPTER 14: ALLERGIC RHINITIS ______________________________________ 231
CHAPTER 15: ORAL HEALTH AND SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS ____________ 238
CHAPTER 16: ORAL HYGIENE AND MINOR ORAL DISORDERS _________ 256
CHAPTER 17: SKIN CARE AND MINOR DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS _ 274
CHAPTER 18: TRAVEL HEALTH __________________________________________ 291
CHAPTER 19: CONTRACEPTION _________________________________________ 299
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 3
SECTION 3: SPECIAL POPULATIONS ______________________ 308
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS D. NOLIN _______ 308
CHAPTER 20: PEDIATRICS: GENERAL TOPICS IN PEDIATRIC
PHARMACOTHERAPY ____________________________________________________ 308
CHAPTER 21: PEDIATRICS; ORAL NUTRITION AND REHYDRATION OF
INFANTS AND CHILDREN ________________________________________________ 329
CHAPTER 22: PEDIATRICS; NEONATAL CRITICAL CARE _______________ 346
CHAPTER 23: GERIATRICS: PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING ___________________ 364
CHAPTER 24: GERIATRICS: MEDICATION USE IN OLDER ADULTS _____ 380
CHAPTER 25: GERIATRICS: ASSESSING HEALTH AND DELIVERING
HEALTHCARE TO OLDER ADULTS _______________________________________ 399
CHAPTER 26: CRITICAL CARE; CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG SELECTION,
DOSING, MONITORING, AND SAFETY ___________________________________ 416
CHAPTER 27: CRITICAL CARE: PAIN, AGITATION, AND DELIRIUM _____ 435
CHAPTER 28: PALLIATIVE AND END-OF-LIFE CARE ____________________ 450
SECTION 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ______________ 466
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES __________________________________ 466
CHAPTER 29: EVALUATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION ________ 466
CHAPTER 30: HYPERTENSION __________________________________________ 468
CHAPTER 31: ACUTE HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS __________________________ 483
CHAPTER 32: DYSLIPIDEMIA ____________________________________________ 499
CHAPTER 33: STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE _____________________ 505
CHAPTER 34: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES ________________________ 515
CHAPTER 35: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ________________________ 531
CHAPTER 36: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE _______________________________ 542
CHAPTER 37: ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE _____________ 551
CHAPTER 38: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM ___________________________ 562
CHAPTER 39: STROKE ___________________________________________________ 570
CHAPTER 40: ARRHYTHMIAS ____________________________________________ 583
CHAPTER 41: CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST ____________________________ 589
CHAPTER 42: SHOCK SYNDROMES _____________________________________ 604
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 4
SECTION 5: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ___________________ 638
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES __________________________________ 638
CHAPTER 43: EVALUATION OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION _____________ 638
CHAPTER 44: ASTHMA ___________________________________________________ 648
CHAPTER 45: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ________ 655
CHAPTER 46: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ________________ 662
CHAPTER 47: CYSTIC FIBROSIS _________________________________________ 667
CHAPTER 48: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES ________________ 671
SECTION 6: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS ____________ 679
WRITTEN BY: JOSEPH T. DIPIRO ___________________________________ 679
CHAPTER 49: EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT _____ 679
CHAPTER 50: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE ________________ 686
CHAPTER 51: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS ____ 694
CHAPTER 52: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE _______________________ 700
CHAPTER 53: NAUSEA AND VOMITING _________________________________ 706
CHAPTER 54: DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL
SYNDROME _______________________________________________________________ 714
CHAPTER 55: PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS ______________ 724
CHAPTER 56: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE _________________________ 732
CHAPTER 57: PANCREATITIS ____________________________________________ 736
CHAPTER 58: VIRAL HEPATITIS _________________________________________ 744
CHAPTER 59: CELIAC DISEASE __________________________________________ 751
SECTION 7: RENAL DISORDERS ___________________________ 757
WRITTEN BY: THOMAS D. NOLIN ___________________________________ 757
CHAPTER 60: EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION ____________________ 757
CHAPTER 61: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY __________________________________ 766
CHAPTER 62: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ______________________________ 775
CHAPTER 63: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: MANAGEMENT OF
SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS __________________________________________ 783
CHAPTER 64: HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ____________ 800
CHAPTER 65: DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE _______________________ 807
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 5
CHAPTER 66: GLOMERULAR DISEASES _________________________________ 814
CHAPTER 67: PERSONALIZED PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE _____________________________________________ 822
CHAPTER 68: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS ___ 829
CHAPTER 69: DISORDERS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
HOMEOSTASIS ___________________________________________________________ 838
CHAPTER 70: DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM
HOMEOSTASIS ___________________________________________________________ 847
CHAPTER 71: ACID–BASE DISORDERS __________________________________ 855
SECTION 8: NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS _________________ 868
WRITTEN BY: VICKI L. ELLINGROD _________________________________ 868
CHAPTER 72: EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS _____________ 868
CHAPTER 73: ALZHEIMER DISEASE _____________________________________ 875
CHAPTER 74: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ____________________________________ 884
CHAPTER 75: EPILEPSY _________________________________________________ 891
CHAPTER 76: STATUS EPILEPTICUS ____________________________________ 899
CHAPTER 77: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF THE BRAIN INJURY PATIENT 906
CHAPTER 78: PARKINSON DISEASE_____________________________________ 913
CHAPTER 79: PAIN MANAGEMENT ______________________________________ 921
CHAPTER 80: HEADACHE DISORDERS __________________________________ 928
SECTION 9: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ___________________ 935
WRITTEN BY: VICKI L. ELLINGROD _________________________________ 935
CHAPTER 81: EVALUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ____________ 935
CHAPTER 82: ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ______ 943
CHAPTER 83: EATING DISORDERS ______________________________________ 951
CHAPTER 84: INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ______ 958
CHAPTER 85: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS I: OPIOIDS, CANNABIS, AND
STIMULANTS _____________________________________________________________ 972
CHAPTER 86: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL,
NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE _______________________________________________ 988
CHAPTER 87: SCHIZOPHRENIA __________________________________________ 996
CHAPTER 88: DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS________________________________ 1006
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 6
CHAPTER 89: BIPOLAR DISORDER _____________________________________ 1013
CHAPTER 90: GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER, PANIC DISORDER, AND
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER ___________________________________________ 1020
CHAPTER 91: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-
COMPULSIVE DISORDER ________________________________________________ 1029
CHAPTER 92: SLEEP DISORDERS ______________________________________ 1038
CHAPTER 93: DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES ________________________ 1045
SECTION 10: ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISORDERS ___________ 1053
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES _________________________________ 1053
CHAPTER 94: DIABETES MELLITUS ____________________________________ 1053
CHAPTER 95: ACUTE HYPERGLYCEMIA________________________________ 1064
CHAPTER 96: THYROID DISORDERS ___________________________________ 1082
CHAPTER 97: ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS___________________________ 1090
CHAPTER 98: PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS _________________________ 1096
SECTION 11: GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSETRIC DISORDERS
___________________________________________________________ 1103
WRITTEN BY: VICKI L. ELLINGROD ________________________________ 1103
CHAPTER 99: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION __________________________ 1103
CHAPTER 100: MENSTRUATION-RELATED DISORDERS _______________ 1110
CHAPTER 101: ENDOMETRIOSIS _______________________________________ 1119
CHAPTER 102: MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY ___________________ 1128
SECTION 12: UROLOGICAL DISORDERS _________________ 1145
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY _________________________________ 1145
CHAPTER 103: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ______________________________ 1145
CHAPTER 104: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA ___________________ 1154
CHAPTER 105: URINARY INCONTINENCE ______________________________ 1163
SECTION 13: IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________ 1170
WRITTEN BY: GARY C. YEE AND THOMAS D. NOLIN _____________ 1170
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 7
CHAPTER 106: FUNCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
__________________________________________________________________________ 1170
CHAPTER 107: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS _________________ 1189
CHAPTER 108: DRUG ALLERGY ________________________________________ 1196
CHAPTER 109: SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ____________________ 1202
SECTION 14: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ____________ 1210
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS D. NOLIN _______ 1210
CHAPTER 110: OSTEOARTHRITIS ______________________________________ 1210
CHAPTER 111: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ______________________________ 1218
CHAPTER 112: OSTEOPOROSIS ________________________________________ 1225
CHAPTER 113: GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA___________________________ 1234
SECTION 15: OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS ________________ 1237
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY _________________________________ 1237
CHAPTER 114: GLAUCOMA _____________________________________________ 1237
CHAPTER 115: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ____________ 1254
CHAPTER 116: DRUG-INDUCED OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS ___________ 1271
SECTION 16: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS _____________ 1288
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY _________________________________ 1288
CHAPTER 117: ACNE VULGARIS________________________________________ 1288
CHAPTER 118: PSORIASIS ______________________________________________ 1294
CHAPTER 119: ATOPIC DERMATITIS ___________________________________ 1297
CHAPTER 120: ALOPECIA _______________________________________________ 1318
CHAPTER 121: DERMATOLOGIC DRUG REACTIONS, CONTACT
DERMATITIS, AND COMMON SKIN CONDITIONS _______________________ 1335
SECTION 17: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________ 1352
WRITTEN BY: GARY C. YEE ________________________________________ 1352
CHAPTER 122: ANEMIAS________________________________________________ 1352
CHAPTER 123: COAGULATION DISORDERS ____________________________ 1376
CHAPTER 124: SICKLE CELL DISEASE _________________________________ 1382
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 8
CHAPTER 125: DRUG-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS __________ 1389
SECTION 18: INFECTIOUS DISEASES ____________________ 1396
WRITTEN BY: JOSEPH T. DIPIRO __________________________________ 1396
CHAPTER 126: LABORATORY TESTS TO DIRECT ANTIMICROBIAL
PHARMACOTHERAPY ___________________________________________________ 1396
CHAPTER 127: ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN SELECTION _______________ 1406
CHAPTER 128: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS ___________ 1426
CHAPTER 129: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________ 1432
CHAPTER 130: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________ 1449
CHAPTER 131: INFLUENZA _____________________________________________ 1456
CHAPTER 132: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) __________________ 1464
CHAPTER 133: SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS _________________ 1480
CHAPTER 134: BACTEREMIA AND INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS _______ 1490
CHAPTER 135: TUBERCULOSIS ________________________________________ 1499
CHAPTER 136: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND
ENTEROTOXIGENIC POISONINGS ______________________________________ 1507
CHAPTER 137: INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS ______________________ 1515
CHAPTER 138: PARASITIC DISEASES __________________________________ 1522
CHAPTER 139: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS _________________________ 1537
CHAPTER 140: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS _______________ 1546
CHAPTER 141: BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS ________________________ 1579
CHAPTER 142: SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK ___________________________ 1585
CHAPTER 143: SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS ___________________ 1592
CHAPTER 144: INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS _______________________ 1600
CHAPTER 145: INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS __ 1612
CHAPTER 146: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY _________ 1619
CHAPTER 147: VACCINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS __________________ 1627
CHAPTER 148: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION _____ 1635
SECTION 19: ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________ 1643
WRITTEN BY: GARY C. YEE ________________________________________ 1643
CHAPTER 149: CANCER: THE DISEASE AND TREATMENT ____________ 1643
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 9
CHAPTER 150: SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER ________________________ 1651
CHAPTER 151: BREAST CANCER _______________________________________ 1668
CHAPTER 152: LUNG CANCER __________________________________________ 1676
CHAPTER 153: COLORECTAL CANCER _________________________________ 1679
CHAPTER 154: PROSTATE CANCER ____________________________________ 1689
CHAPTER 155: LYMPHOMAS ___________________________________________ 1690
CHAPTER 156: OVARIAN CANCER ______________________________________ 1695
CHAPTER 157: ACUTE LEUKEMIAS ____________________________________ 1707
CHAPTER 158: CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS __________________________________ 1715
CHAPTER 159: MULTIPLE MYELOMA ___________________________________ 1721
CHAPTER 160: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES _____________________ 1729
CHAPTER 161: RENAL CELL CARCINOMA ______________________________ 1736
CHAPTER 162: MELANOMA _____________________________________________ 1753
CHAPTER 163: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION ___ 1765
SECTION 20: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS ________________ 1785
WRITTEN BY: THOMAS D. NOLIN __________________________________ 1785
CHAPTER 164: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION STATUS AND NUTRITION
REQUIREMENTS_________________________________________________________ 1785
CHAPTER 165: PARENTERAL NUTRITION ______________________________ 1794
CHAPTER 166: ENTERAL NUTRITION __________________________________ 1811
CHAPTER 167: OBESITY ________________________________________________ 1818
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 10
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION
ISSUES
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES, L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS D.
NOLIN
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS
JOSEPH T. DIPIRO: DIPIRO’S PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
APPROACH 12TH EDITION, (2023)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH STEP OF THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS INVOLVES
GATHERING INFORMATION ABOUT A PATIENT'S MEDICAL
HISTORY AND CURRENT HEALTH STATUS?
A) PLAN
B) MONITOR
C) ASSESS
D) IMPLEMENT
CORRECT ANS:>C)
THE "ASSESS" STEP INVOLVES GATHERING ALL NECESSARY
INFORMATION ABOUT THE PATIENT, INCLUDING THEIR
MEDICAL HISTORY, CURRENT SYMPTOMS, LAB RESULTS, AND
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
DIPIRO'S PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 12TH EDITION| TWELFTH EDITION, (2023)
BY JOSEPH T. DIPIRO, GARY C. YEE, STUART T. HAINES, THOMAS D. NOLIN, VICKI ELLINGROD AND L.
MICHAEL POSEY
ALL CHAPTERS 1-167| 20 UNITS| LATEST VERSION WITH DETAILED ANSWERS| VERIFIED| GRADE A+
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 2
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES__________________________ 10
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES, L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS
D. NOLIN _______________________________________________________________ 10
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS _______________________________ 10
CHAPTER 2: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION USE _________________ 29
CHAPTER 3: EXPLORING CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND EQUITY IN
HEALTHCARE ______________________________________________________________ 43
CHAPTER 4: MEDICATION SAFETY ________________________________________ 62
CHAPTER 5: MEDICATION ADHERENCE ___________________________________ 82
CHAPTER 6: CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
___________________________________________________________________________ 100
CHAPTER 7: CLINICAL PHARMACOGENOMICS _________________________ 115
CHAPTER 8: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY____________________________________ 128
SECTION 2: COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS _______________ 143
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY, JOSEPH T. DIPIRO AND VICKI L.
ELLINGROD __________________________________________________________ 143
CHAPTER 9: FEVER ______________________________________________________ 143
CHAPTER 10: PAIN AND HEADACHE ____________________________________ 160
CHAPTER 11: MINOR OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS _______________________ 178
CHAPTER 12: MINOR OTIC DISORDERS (CERUMEN IMPACTION, OTITIS
EXTERNAL) _______________________________________________________________ 196
CHAPTER 13: NONSPECIFIC RESPIRATORY TRACT SYMPTOMS (WITH
COUGH)___________________________________________________________________ 213
CHAPTER 14: ALLERGIC RHINITIS ______________________________________ 231
CHAPTER 15: ORAL HEALTH AND SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS ____________ 238
CHAPTER 16: ORAL HYGIENE AND MINOR ORAL DISORDERS _________ 256
CHAPTER 17: SKIN CARE AND MINOR DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS _ 274
CHAPTER 18: TRAVEL HEALTH __________________________________________ 291
CHAPTER 19: CONTRACEPTION _________________________________________ 299
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 3
SECTION 3: SPECIAL POPULATIONS ______________________ 308
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS D. NOLIN _______ 308
CHAPTER 20: PEDIATRICS: GENERAL TOPICS IN PEDIATRIC
PHARMACOTHERAPY ____________________________________________________ 308
CHAPTER 21: PEDIATRICS; ORAL NUTRITION AND REHYDRATION OF
INFANTS AND CHILDREN ________________________________________________ 329
CHAPTER 22: PEDIATRICS; NEONATAL CRITICAL CARE _______________ 346
CHAPTER 23: GERIATRICS: PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING ___________________ 364
CHAPTER 24: GERIATRICS: MEDICATION USE IN OLDER ADULTS _____ 380
CHAPTER 25: GERIATRICS: ASSESSING HEALTH AND DELIVERING
HEALTHCARE TO OLDER ADULTS _______________________________________ 399
CHAPTER 26: CRITICAL CARE; CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG SELECTION,
DOSING, MONITORING, AND SAFETY ___________________________________ 416
CHAPTER 27: CRITICAL CARE: PAIN, AGITATION, AND DELIRIUM _____ 435
CHAPTER 28: PALLIATIVE AND END-OF-LIFE CARE ____________________ 450
SECTION 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ______________ 466
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES __________________________________ 466
CHAPTER 29: EVALUATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION ________ 466
CHAPTER 30: HYPERTENSION __________________________________________ 468
CHAPTER 31: ACUTE HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS __________________________ 483
CHAPTER 32: DYSLIPIDEMIA ____________________________________________ 499
CHAPTER 33: STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE _____________________ 505
CHAPTER 34: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES ________________________ 515
CHAPTER 35: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ________________________ 531
CHAPTER 36: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE _______________________________ 542
CHAPTER 37: ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE _____________ 551
CHAPTER 38: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM ___________________________ 562
CHAPTER 39: STROKE ___________________________________________________ 570
CHAPTER 40: ARRHYTHMIAS ____________________________________________ 583
CHAPTER 41: CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST ____________________________ 589
CHAPTER 42: SHOCK SYNDROMES _____________________________________ 604
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 4
SECTION 5: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ___________________ 638
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES __________________________________ 638
CHAPTER 43: EVALUATION OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION _____________ 638
CHAPTER 44: ASTHMA ___________________________________________________ 648
CHAPTER 45: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ________ 655
CHAPTER 46: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ________________ 662
CHAPTER 47: CYSTIC FIBROSIS _________________________________________ 667
CHAPTER 48: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES ________________ 671
SECTION 6: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS ____________ 679
WRITTEN BY: JOSEPH T. DIPIRO ___________________________________ 679
CHAPTER 49: EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT _____ 679
CHAPTER 50: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE ________________ 686
CHAPTER 51: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS ____ 694
CHAPTER 52: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE _______________________ 700
CHAPTER 53: NAUSEA AND VOMITING _________________________________ 706
CHAPTER 54: DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL
SYNDROME _______________________________________________________________ 714
CHAPTER 55: PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS ______________ 724
CHAPTER 56: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE _________________________ 732
CHAPTER 57: PANCREATITIS ____________________________________________ 736
CHAPTER 58: VIRAL HEPATITIS _________________________________________ 744
CHAPTER 59: CELIAC DISEASE __________________________________________ 751
SECTION 7: RENAL DISORDERS ___________________________ 757
WRITTEN BY: THOMAS D. NOLIN ___________________________________ 757
CHAPTER 60: EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION ____________________ 757
CHAPTER 61: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY __________________________________ 766
CHAPTER 62: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ______________________________ 775
CHAPTER 63: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: MANAGEMENT OF
SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS __________________________________________ 783
CHAPTER 64: HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ____________ 800
CHAPTER 65: DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE _______________________ 807
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 5
CHAPTER 66: GLOMERULAR DISEASES _________________________________ 814
CHAPTER 67: PERSONALIZED PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE _____________________________________________ 822
CHAPTER 68: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS ___ 829
CHAPTER 69: DISORDERS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
HOMEOSTASIS ___________________________________________________________ 838
CHAPTER 70: DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM
HOMEOSTASIS ___________________________________________________________ 847
CHAPTER 71: ACID–BASE DISORDERS __________________________________ 855
SECTION 8: NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS _________________ 868
WRITTEN BY: VICKI L. ELLINGROD _________________________________ 868
CHAPTER 72: EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS _____________ 868
CHAPTER 73: ALZHEIMER DISEASE _____________________________________ 875
CHAPTER 74: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ____________________________________ 884
CHAPTER 75: EPILEPSY _________________________________________________ 891
CHAPTER 76: STATUS EPILEPTICUS ____________________________________ 899
CHAPTER 77: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF THE BRAIN INJURY PATIENT 906
CHAPTER 78: PARKINSON DISEASE_____________________________________ 913
CHAPTER 79: PAIN MANAGEMENT ______________________________________ 921
CHAPTER 80: HEADACHE DISORDERS __________________________________ 928
SECTION 9: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ___________________ 935
WRITTEN BY: VICKI L. ELLINGROD _________________________________ 935
CHAPTER 81: EVALUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ____________ 935
CHAPTER 82: ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ______ 943
CHAPTER 83: EATING DISORDERS ______________________________________ 951
CHAPTER 84: INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ______ 958
CHAPTER 85: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS I: OPIOIDS, CANNABIS, AND
STIMULANTS _____________________________________________________________ 972
CHAPTER 86: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL,
NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE _______________________________________________ 988
CHAPTER 87: SCHIZOPHRENIA __________________________________________ 996
CHAPTER 88: DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS________________________________ 1006
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 6
CHAPTER 89: BIPOLAR DISORDER _____________________________________ 1013
CHAPTER 90: GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER, PANIC DISORDER, AND
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER ___________________________________________ 1020
CHAPTER 91: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-
COMPULSIVE DISORDER ________________________________________________ 1029
CHAPTER 92: SLEEP DISORDERS ______________________________________ 1038
CHAPTER 93: DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES ________________________ 1045
SECTION 10: ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISORDERS ___________ 1053
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES _________________________________ 1053
CHAPTER 94: DIABETES MELLITUS ____________________________________ 1053
CHAPTER 95: ACUTE HYPERGLYCEMIA________________________________ 1064
CHAPTER 96: THYROID DISORDERS ___________________________________ 1082
CHAPTER 97: ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS___________________________ 1090
CHAPTER 98: PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS _________________________ 1096
SECTION 11: GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSETRIC DISORDERS
___________________________________________________________ 1103
WRITTEN BY: VICKI L. ELLINGROD ________________________________ 1103
CHAPTER 99: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION __________________________ 1103
CHAPTER 100: MENSTRUATION-RELATED DISORDERS _______________ 1110
CHAPTER 101: ENDOMETRIOSIS _______________________________________ 1119
CHAPTER 102: MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY ___________________ 1128
SECTION 12: UROLOGICAL DISORDERS _________________ 1145
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY _________________________________ 1145
CHAPTER 103: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ______________________________ 1145
CHAPTER 104: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA ___________________ 1154
CHAPTER 105: URINARY INCONTINENCE ______________________________ 1163
SECTION 13: IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________ 1170
WRITTEN BY: GARY C. YEE AND THOMAS D. NOLIN _____________ 1170
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 7
CHAPTER 106: FUNCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
__________________________________________________________________________ 1170
CHAPTER 107: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS _________________ 1189
CHAPTER 108: DRUG ALLERGY ________________________________________ 1196
CHAPTER 109: SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ____________________ 1202
SECTION 14: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ____________ 1210
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS D. NOLIN _______ 1210
CHAPTER 110: OSTEOARTHRITIS ______________________________________ 1210
CHAPTER 111: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ______________________________ 1218
CHAPTER 112: OSTEOPOROSIS ________________________________________ 1225
CHAPTER 113: GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA___________________________ 1234
SECTION 15: OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS ________________ 1237
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY _________________________________ 1237
CHAPTER 114: GLAUCOMA _____________________________________________ 1237
CHAPTER 115: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ____________ 1254
CHAPTER 116: DRUG-INDUCED OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS ___________ 1271
SECTION 16: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS _____________ 1288
WRITTEN BY: L. MICHAEL POSEY _________________________________ 1288
CHAPTER 117: ACNE VULGARIS________________________________________ 1288
CHAPTER 118: PSORIASIS ______________________________________________ 1294
CHAPTER 119: ATOPIC DERMATITIS ___________________________________ 1297
CHAPTER 120: ALOPECIA _______________________________________________ 1318
CHAPTER 121: DERMATOLOGIC DRUG REACTIONS, CONTACT
DERMATITIS, AND COMMON SKIN CONDITIONS _______________________ 1335
SECTION 17: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________ 1352
WRITTEN BY: GARY C. YEE ________________________________________ 1352
CHAPTER 122: ANEMIAS________________________________________________ 1352
CHAPTER 123: COAGULATION DISORDERS ____________________________ 1376
CHAPTER 124: SICKLE CELL DISEASE _________________________________ 1382
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 8
CHAPTER 125: DRUG-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS __________ 1389
SECTION 18: INFECTIOUS DISEASES ____________________ 1396
WRITTEN BY: JOSEPH T. DIPIRO __________________________________ 1396
CHAPTER 126: LABORATORY TESTS TO DIRECT ANTIMICROBIAL
PHARMACOTHERAPY ___________________________________________________ 1396
CHAPTER 127: ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN SELECTION _______________ 1406
CHAPTER 128: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS ___________ 1426
CHAPTER 129: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________ 1432
CHAPTER 130: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________ 1449
CHAPTER 131: INFLUENZA _____________________________________________ 1456
CHAPTER 132: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) __________________ 1464
CHAPTER 133: SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS _________________ 1480
CHAPTER 134: BACTEREMIA AND INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS _______ 1490
CHAPTER 135: TUBERCULOSIS ________________________________________ 1499
CHAPTER 136: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND
ENTEROTOXIGENIC POISONINGS ______________________________________ 1507
CHAPTER 137: INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS ______________________ 1515
CHAPTER 138: PARASITIC DISEASES __________________________________ 1522
CHAPTER 139: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS _________________________ 1537
CHAPTER 140: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS _______________ 1546
CHAPTER 141: BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS ________________________ 1579
CHAPTER 142: SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK ___________________________ 1585
CHAPTER 143: SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS ___________________ 1592
CHAPTER 144: INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS _______________________ 1600
CHAPTER 145: INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS __ 1612
CHAPTER 146: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY _________ 1619
CHAPTER 147: VACCINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS __________________ 1627
CHAPTER 148: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION _____ 1635
SECTION 19: ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________ 1643
WRITTEN BY: GARY C. YEE ________________________________________ 1643
CHAPTER 149: CANCER: THE DISEASE AND TREATMENT ____________ 1643
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 9
CHAPTER 150: SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER ________________________ 1651
CHAPTER 151: BREAST CANCER _______________________________________ 1668
CHAPTER 152: LUNG CANCER __________________________________________ 1676
CHAPTER 153: COLORECTAL CANCER _________________________________ 1679
CHAPTER 154: PROSTATE CANCER ____________________________________ 1689
CHAPTER 155: LYMPHOMAS ___________________________________________ 1690
CHAPTER 156: OVARIAN CANCER ______________________________________ 1695
CHAPTER 157: ACUTE LEUKEMIAS ____________________________________ 1707
CHAPTER 158: CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS __________________________________ 1715
CHAPTER 159: MULTIPLE MYELOMA ___________________________________ 1721
CHAPTER 160: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES _____________________ 1729
CHAPTER 161: RENAL CELL CARCINOMA ______________________________ 1736
CHAPTER 162: MELANOMA _____________________________________________ 1753
CHAPTER 163: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION ___ 1765
SECTION 20: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS ________________ 1785
WRITTEN BY: THOMAS D. NOLIN __________________________________ 1785
CHAPTER 164: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION STATUS AND NUTRITION
REQUIREMENTS_________________________________________________________ 1785
CHAPTER 165: PARENTERAL NUTRITION ______________________________ 1794
CHAPTER 166: ENTERAL NUTRITION __________________________________ 1811
CHAPTER 167: OBESITY ________________________________________________ 1818
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 10
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION
ISSUES
WRITTEN BY: STUART T. HAINES, L. MICHAEL POSEY AND THOMAS D.
NOLIN
CHAPTER 1: THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS
JOSEPH T. DIPIRO: DIPIRO’S PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
APPROACH 12TH EDITION, (2023)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH STEP OF THE PATIENT CARE PROCESS INVOLVES
GATHERING INFORMATION ABOUT A PATIENT'S MEDICAL
HISTORY AND CURRENT HEALTH STATUS?
A) PLAN
B) MONITOR
C) ASSESS
D) IMPLEMENT
CORRECT ANS:>C)
THE "ASSESS" STEP INVOLVES GATHERING ALL NECESSARY
INFORMATION ABOUT THE PATIENT, INCLUDING THEIR
MEDICAL HISTORY, CURRENT SYMPTOMS, LAB RESULTS, AND
