HESI MED SURG EXAM SHEET 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔What should be limited in AKI clients? - ✔✔-fluid and sodium intake
✔✔During the oliguric phase of AKI minimize: - ✔✔protein to prevent rise in BUN
✔✔When is acute renal failure determined to be resolved? - ✔✔when BUN and creatine
return to normal
✔✔What must be restricted in chronic renal failure patients? - ✔✔protein (leads to
uremia)
✔✔What is an indicator of the level of protein consumption? - ✔✔GFR
✔✔Most effective indicator of nutritional status: - ✔✔albumin, prealbumin, and ferritin
✔✔signs of digoxin toxicity: - ✔✔nausea, vommiting, anorexia, visual disturbance,
restlessness, headache, cardiac dysrhythmias, and bradycardia
✔✔flank pain usually means that the kidney stone is in: - ✔✔the upper ureter
✔✔when should pain meds be administered with kidney stones? - ✔✔around the clock
rather than PRN to prevent spasms and optimize comfort
✔✔Use only _________________ saline for bladder irrigation with TURP - ✔✔sterile
(solution MUST be isotonic)
✔✔What should be reported after TURP? - ✔✔large amounts of blood or frank bright
bleeding (small amounts of blood is normal)
✔✔If cardiac output is decreased the amount of blood going through the kidneys is: -
✔✔decreased, which can decrease urine output. Therefore decreased urine output can
be a sign of a cardiac issue
✔✔Atropine mode of action: - ✔✔increases the heart rate by blocking vagal stimulation,
which suppresses the heart rate
✔✔What is the normal ratio of BUN to creatine: - ✔✔20:1
✔✔Pericarditis EKG: - ✔✔ST segment elevation or T-wave inversion
✔✔Mitral valve stenosis s/s: - ✔✔-excessive fatigue
-dyspnea
, -exertion
-orthopnea
-afibb
-dry cough
✔✔Diverticulosis - ✔✔presence of pouches in the wall of the intestine
✔✔Diverticulitis - ✔✔inflammation of the diverticula (pouches) which can lead to
perforation of the bowel
✔✔Diverticulitis s/s: - ✔✔-lower left quadrant pain
-cramping
-diarrhea
✔✔Nursing interventions with diverticulitis: - ✔✔Acute phase: NPO, graduating to
liquids
Recovery Phase: no fiver or bowel irritant foods
Maintenance phase: high fiber diet with bulk forming laxatives
✔✔Colon cancer health promotion: - ✔✔-DRE every year after 40
-stool blood test every year after 50
-colonoscopy every 10 years after the age of 50
✔✔S/S of jaundice: - ✔✔-yellow skin
-sclera around the eye balls
-dark colored urine
-chalky or clay colored stools
✔✔Immediate management of esophageal varices: - ✔✔insertion of esophagogastric
ballon tamponade
✔✔Ammonia is __________ in a liver cirrhosis patient - ✔✔increased, because it
cannot be broken down
✔✔What would reduce the discomfort caused by enlargement of the pancreas? -
✔✔sitting up or leaning forward
✔✔Non-surgical management of cholecystitis: - ✔✔-low-fat diet
-NG tube
-medications for pain and clotting
✔✔S/S of thyroid storm: - ✔✔-fever
-tachycardia
-agitation
-anxiety
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔What should be limited in AKI clients? - ✔✔-fluid and sodium intake
✔✔During the oliguric phase of AKI minimize: - ✔✔protein to prevent rise in BUN
✔✔When is acute renal failure determined to be resolved? - ✔✔when BUN and creatine
return to normal
✔✔What must be restricted in chronic renal failure patients? - ✔✔protein (leads to
uremia)
✔✔What is an indicator of the level of protein consumption? - ✔✔GFR
✔✔Most effective indicator of nutritional status: - ✔✔albumin, prealbumin, and ferritin
✔✔signs of digoxin toxicity: - ✔✔nausea, vommiting, anorexia, visual disturbance,
restlessness, headache, cardiac dysrhythmias, and bradycardia
✔✔flank pain usually means that the kidney stone is in: - ✔✔the upper ureter
✔✔when should pain meds be administered with kidney stones? - ✔✔around the clock
rather than PRN to prevent spasms and optimize comfort
✔✔Use only _________________ saline for bladder irrigation with TURP - ✔✔sterile
(solution MUST be isotonic)
✔✔What should be reported after TURP? - ✔✔large amounts of blood or frank bright
bleeding (small amounts of blood is normal)
✔✔If cardiac output is decreased the amount of blood going through the kidneys is: -
✔✔decreased, which can decrease urine output. Therefore decreased urine output can
be a sign of a cardiac issue
✔✔Atropine mode of action: - ✔✔increases the heart rate by blocking vagal stimulation,
which suppresses the heart rate
✔✔What is the normal ratio of BUN to creatine: - ✔✔20:1
✔✔Pericarditis EKG: - ✔✔ST segment elevation or T-wave inversion
✔✔Mitral valve stenosis s/s: - ✔✔-excessive fatigue
-dyspnea
, -exertion
-orthopnea
-afibb
-dry cough
✔✔Diverticulosis - ✔✔presence of pouches in the wall of the intestine
✔✔Diverticulitis - ✔✔inflammation of the diverticula (pouches) which can lead to
perforation of the bowel
✔✔Diverticulitis s/s: - ✔✔-lower left quadrant pain
-cramping
-diarrhea
✔✔Nursing interventions with diverticulitis: - ✔✔Acute phase: NPO, graduating to
liquids
Recovery Phase: no fiver or bowel irritant foods
Maintenance phase: high fiber diet with bulk forming laxatives
✔✔Colon cancer health promotion: - ✔✔-DRE every year after 40
-stool blood test every year after 50
-colonoscopy every 10 years after the age of 50
✔✔S/S of jaundice: - ✔✔-yellow skin
-sclera around the eye balls
-dark colored urine
-chalky or clay colored stools
✔✔Immediate management of esophageal varices: - ✔✔insertion of esophagogastric
ballon tamponade
✔✔Ammonia is __________ in a liver cirrhosis patient - ✔✔increased, because it
cannot be broken down
✔✔What would reduce the discomfort caused by enlargement of the pancreas? -
✔✔sitting up or leaning forward
✔✔Non-surgical management of cholecystitis: - ✔✔-low-fat diet
-NG tube
-medications for pain and clotting
✔✔S/S of thyroid storm: - ✔✔-fever
-tachycardia
-agitation
-anxiety
