NSG 120 Final Exam with correct answers
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The development of the disease or
the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific
disease process.
Onset - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sudden OR acute- An acute disease
indicates a short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such as
high fever or severe pain—for example, acute appendicitis; onset may be
insidious, best described as a gradual progression with only vague or very mild
signs.
Chronic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔often a milder condition developing
gradually, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but it persists for a long time and
usually causes more permanent tissue damage. Often a chronic disease is
marked by intermittent acute episodes.
Subclinical (stage/phase) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in which pathologic
changes occur but the patient exhibits no obvious manifestations, perhaps
because of the great reserve capacity of some organs.
Latent stage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"silent" stage, in which no clinical
signs are evident, characterizes some diseases. In infectious diseases this stage
may be referred to as the incubation period, which is the time between
exposure to the microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms; it may last
for a day or so or may be prolonged, perhaps for days or weeks.
,Disease transmission of an insect bite - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The injury
occurs when the insect either bites or stings the patient. Venom is injected into
the tissue, resulting in the body's response to a foreign protein.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/Tick Bite disease transmission - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔The causative agent, Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by the
wood tick and is carried in the feces of infected ticks. It is introduced into the
bloodstream of a person during a prolonged tick bite.
Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Class
triad: headache, fever, maculopapular rash (bumps and petechial rash)
high fever
Malaria/Mosquito bite disease transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Malaria is caused by four species of the protozoan genus Plasmodium,
which is transmitted from infected human to human by the bite of mosquito
vectors or, less commonly, by blood transfusion or IV drug use.
Disease transmission of animal/human bites - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
bite occurs when the offending animal is agitated, frightened, threatened, or
angry. Bites can be from domestic animals, such as cats and dogs; farm
animals; or wild animals, such as skunks, bats, raccoons, and foxes. Human
bites have been recorded.
,The pattern of the teeth marks is helpful in determining the type of bite,
human or animal, and the type of animal that did the biting if not immediately
known.
Snake bite disease transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Four kinds of
poisonous snakes are known to inhabit the United States: rattlesnakes,
copperheads, water moccasins, and coral snakes.
Some bites are the work of nonpoisonous snakes, but all snakebites should be
treated as poisonous by the first aid provider.
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The cardinal signs
of inflammation are redness (rubor or erythema), heat, swelling, and pain;
sometimes loss of function
Diangostic blood changes that may indicate inflammation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔*Leukocytosis (increased WBC)
*Differential count of WBC
*plasma protein (increased prothrombin and fibrinogen)
*CRP (appears with acute inflammation and necrosis)
*increased ESR
*cell enzymes present (may indicate necrosis)
Treatment of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*Drugs - Aspirin,
NSAIDS, etc.
*RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
, *Compression stockings
*Moderate exercise
Opportunistic infection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Microbes that are not
usually pathogenic but can become pathogenic when transferred into another
location of the body, if the balance of the species is not maintained, or if the
body's defense is impaired.
Stages of Pressure Ulcers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Stage I: Intact skin with
non-blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence.
Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ
from the surrounding area.
Stage II: Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer
with a red pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or
open/ ruptured serum-filled blister.
Stage III: Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone,
tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure
the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.
Stage IV: Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle.
Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often
include undermining and tunneling. Deep Tissue Injury Purple or maroon
localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of
underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The development of the disease or
the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific
disease process.
Onset - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sudden OR acute- An acute disease
indicates a short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such as
high fever or severe pain—for example, acute appendicitis; onset may be
insidious, best described as a gradual progression with only vague or very mild
signs.
Chronic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔often a milder condition developing
gradually, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but it persists for a long time and
usually causes more permanent tissue damage. Often a chronic disease is
marked by intermittent acute episodes.
Subclinical (stage/phase) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in which pathologic
changes occur but the patient exhibits no obvious manifestations, perhaps
because of the great reserve capacity of some organs.
Latent stage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"silent" stage, in which no clinical
signs are evident, characterizes some diseases. In infectious diseases this stage
may be referred to as the incubation period, which is the time between
exposure to the microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms; it may last
for a day or so or may be prolonged, perhaps for days or weeks.
,Disease transmission of an insect bite - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The injury
occurs when the insect either bites or stings the patient. Venom is injected into
the tissue, resulting in the body's response to a foreign protein.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/Tick Bite disease transmission - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔The causative agent, Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by the
wood tick and is carried in the feces of infected ticks. It is introduced into the
bloodstream of a person during a prolonged tick bite.
Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Class
triad: headache, fever, maculopapular rash (bumps and petechial rash)
high fever
Malaria/Mosquito bite disease transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Malaria is caused by four species of the protozoan genus Plasmodium,
which is transmitted from infected human to human by the bite of mosquito
vectors or, less commonly, by blood transfusion or IV drug use.
Disease transmission of animal/human bites - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The
bite occurs when the offending animal is agitated, frightened, threatened, or
angry. Bites can be from domestic animals, such as cats and dogs; farm
animals; or wild animals, such as skunks, bats, raccoons, and foxes. Human
bites have been recorded.
,The pattern of the teeth marks is helpful in determining the type of bite,
human or animal, and the type of animal that did the biting if not immediately
known.
Snake bite disease transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Four kinds of
poisonous snakes are known to inhabit the United States: rattlesnakes,
copperheads, water moccasins, and coral snakes.
Some bites are the work of nonpoisonous snakes, but all snakebites should be
treated as poisonous by the first aid provider.
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The cardinal signs
of inflammation are redness (rubor or erythema), heat, swelling, and pain;
sometimes loss of function
Diangostic blood changes that may indicate inflammation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔*Leukocytosis (increased WBC)
*Differential count of WBC
*plasma protein (increased prothrombin and fibrinogen)
*CRP (appears with acute inflammation and necrosis)
*increased ESR
*cell enzymes present (may indicate necrosis)
Treatment of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*Drugs - Aspirin,
NSAIDS, etc.
*RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
, *Compression stockings
*Moderate exercise
Opportunistic infection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Microbes that are not
usually pathogenic but can become pathogenic when transferred into another
location of the body, if the balance of the species is not maintained, or if the
body's defense is impaired.
Stages of Pressure Ulcers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Stage I: Intact skin with
non-blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence.
Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ
from the surrounding area.
Stage II: Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer
with a red pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or
open/ ruptured serum-filled blister.
Stage III: Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone,
tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure
the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.
Stage IV: Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle.
Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often
include undermining and tunneling. Deep Tissue Injury Purple or maroon
localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of
underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by
