NUR 129 Exam #1 Questions and
Complete Solutions Graded A+
Folk Image - Answer: (primitive times) nourishing/nurturing children, caring for elders, skills learned
through trial and error. Nurse is a "caring" person; uses common sense to help the sick
Religious image - Answer: (inherited from medieval period) Nurses expected to devote life to caring for
others; selfless commitment based upon their faith; care for sick, poor, orphans, widows, elders, slaves,
prisoners. Groups organized in conjunction with establishment of churches. First hospitals developed,
located close to monasteries. Crusades led to military nursing orders.
Servant image - Answer: (16th-19th century) "Dark Ages" of nursing. Women needed for child bearing
children/caring for home. Hospital care given to prisoners, prostitutes, and drunks- seen as dirty work.
Nursing as a profession was not desirable.
Florence Nightingale - Answer: (environment/sanitation) focused on nursing reform and revolutionized
healthcare.
-dramatically helped reduce mortality rates in Crimea
-Focused on basic hygiene within health institutions
-"Notes on nursing" Defines nursing goal to putt the client in the best condition for nature to act upon
him, primarily by altering the environment
Virginia Hendrson - Answer: (Development/needs) Nurses role is to assist the individual (sick or well) to
carry out those activities he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
-Developed the "14 Basic Human needs"
Sister Callista Roy - Answer: Adaptation model- promotion of adaptive responses (things that positively
influence health) that are affected by the person's ability to respond to stimuli. Nursing involves
manipulating stimuli to promote adaptive responses.
Dorothy Orem - Answer: Self-care. Nursing is concerned with the individual's need for self-care action,
which is the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining
health and well-being
, Melinda Ann Richards - Answer: America's first trained nurse
traveled hospital to hospital teaching
Mary Breckinridge - Answer: Established the Frontier Nursing Service
Clara Barton - Answer: Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross
Military Influence on Nursing - Answer: -Early Schools of nursing were established shortly after the civil
war.
-Strong military/religious influence embodied in nursing student expectations
-GI bill after WW2 made it possible for many nurses to enter bachelor's and master's degree programs
after serving with the military.
-Koren and Vietnam wars led to developments in triage and surgery with MASH units.
New England Hospital for Women and Children - Answer: -First hospital to establish a formal 1-year
program to train nurses.
-Shift in education from apprenticeship model to learning at university.
Bellevue Hospital - Answer: First Nightingale school of nursing in America.
-Mills School of Nursing-male nurses
-First school to adapt a standard uniform for nurses
Goldmark Report - Answer: Published in 1923, this report recommended that nursing education develop
educational standards, schools of nursing adopt a primary focus on education and be moved to
universities, and nurse educators receive advanced education.
Nursing's Image and the Nursing Shortage - Answer: -Shortage due to baby boomers retiring
-Schools turn people away due to lack of clinical space and insufficient faculty
-Female-dominated profession
Complete Solutions Graded A+
Folk Image - Answer: (primitive times) nourishing/nurturing children, caring for elders, skills learned
through trial and error. Nurse is a "caring" person; uses common sense to help the sick
Religious image - Answer: (inherited from medieval period) Nurses expected to devote life to caring for
others; selfless commitment based upon their faith; care for sick, poor, orphans, widows, elders, slaves,
prisoners. Groups organized in conjunction with establishment of churches. First hospitals developed,
located close to monasteries. Crusades led to military nursing orders.
Servant image - Answer: (16th-19th century) "Dark Ages" of nursing. Women needed for child bearing
children/caring for home. Hospital care given to prisoners, prostitutes, and drunks- seen as dirty work.
Nursing as a profession was not desirable.
Florence Nightingale - Answer: (environment/sanitation) focused on nursing reform and revolutionized
healthcare.
-dramatically helped reduce mortality rates in Crimea
-Focused on basic hygiene within health institutions
-"Notes on nursing" Defines nursing goal to putt the client in the best condition for nature to act upon
him, primarily by altering the environment
Virginia Hendrson - Answer: (Development/needs) Nurses role is to assist the individual (sick or well) to
carry out those activities he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
-Developed the "14 Basic Human needs"
Sister Callista Roy - Answer: Adaptation model- promotion of adaptive responses (things that positively
influence health) that are affected by the person's ability to respond to stimuli. Nursing involves
manipulating stimuli to promote adaptive responses.
Dorothy Orem - Answer: Self-care. Nursing is concerned with the individual's need for self-care action,
which is the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining
health and well-being
, Melinda Ann Richards - Answer: America's first trained nurse
traveled hospital to hospital teaching
Mary Breckinridge - Answer: Established the Frontier Nursing Service
Clara Barton - Answer: Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross
Military Influence on Nursing - Answer: -Early Schools of nursing were established shortly after the civil
war.
-Strong military/religious influence embodied in nursing student expectations
-GI bill after WW2 made it possible for many nurses to enter bachelor's and master's degree programs
after serving with the military.
-Koren and Vietnam wars led to developments in triage and surgery with MASH units.
New England Hospital for Women and Children - Answer: -First hospital to establish a formal 1-year
program to train nurses.
-Shift in education from apprenticeship model to learning at university.
Bellevue Hospital - Answer: First Nightingale school of nursing in America.
-Mills School of Nursing-male nurses
-First school to adapt a standard uniform for nurses
Goldmark Report - Answer: Published in 1923, this report recommended that nursing education develop
educational standards, schools of nursing adopt a primary focus on education and be moved to
universities, and nurse educators receive advanced education.
Nursing's Image and the Nursing Shortage - Answer: -Shortage due to baby boomers retiring
-Schools turn people away due to lack of clinical space and insufficient faculty
-Female-dominated profession
