CLT LANA FINAL EXAM PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔main function of lymphatic system - ✔✔-collect and transport tissue fluids from
the intercellular spaces in all the tissues of the body back to
the venous system (fluid homeostasis).
-absorbs and transports fatty acids as chyle from the digestive system,
- immune response. Lymph
nodes and other lymphatic organs filter the lymph to remove
microorganisms and other foreign particles.
✔✔primary lymph organs - ✔✔bone marrow and thymus
-Bone marrow-production of T lymphocytes and the creation and maturation of B
lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes immediately join the circulatory
system and travel to secondary lymphoid organs
- T lymphocytes travel from the bone marrow to the thymus,
where they develop further.
✔✔secondary lymph organs - ✔✔thymus, lymph
nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and mucosa-
associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
-where immune response is initiated
✔✔embryonic development - ✔✔-starts at 5 weeks gestational
-primitive lymph system develops 2nd month
-two unpaired, the retroperitoneal and the cisterna chyli.
✔✔lymph collectors react to increased lymph via increasing contractions due to___ -
✔✔lymph safety valve factor
✔✔lymph is made of - ✔✔proteins, fat, debri, water, cells/partiles (WBC) (net
ultrafiltate,)
✔✔lymphatic watersheds - ✔✔- seperate territories/root areas
-sagital (median), horizontal, spine of scap, clavicular, chaps
✔✔intraterritorial lympho-lymphatic
anastomoses - ✔✔Connections between lymph collectors belonging to the
same territory
✔✔lymphatic trunk characteristics - ✔✔-same as collectors with more smooth muscle in
media
-gets lymph from collectors and sends to nodes
-innervated by sympathetic NS
,✔✔superficial collectors - ✔✔located in subcutaneous fat; drains skin and subcutis, runs
parallel to watersheds
✔✔deep collectors - ✔✔-located subfascially
-run along deep arteries and veins
-drain muscle, joints, and ligaments
✔✔collectors on the trunk originate: - ✔✔at watersheds
✔✔lumbar trunk - ✔✔L/R recieve from from inguinal and transport to cisterna chyli
-drain LE, LB qaudrants, external genitalia
✔✔GI trunk - ✔✔-drains from intestines, stomach (digestive), live, pancreas
-drains to cisterna chyli
✔✔thoracic duct - ✔✔-Drains 75% of body= BLE, lower quadrants, L thorax, LUE
✔✔R lymphatic duct - ✔✔-receives from from internal jugular, subclavian,
supreclavicular and parastinal nodes
-sends into circulatory system
✔✔cisterna chlyi - ✔✔-originates T11-L2 in abdomen, perforates diaphragm and goes
to venous angles
-sac like reservoirs (develops from periauricular in embryo?)
✔✔Jugular trunk - ✔✔formed by efferent lymph vessels from internal jugular node
-filter head and neck through cervical LN-> lymphatic/thoracic duct
✔✔supraclavicular trunk - ✔✔efferent from supraclavicular nodes
-drains head, neck, shoulder, mammary glands
✔✔Broncho-mediastinal - ✔✔-drains bronchi, lungs, mediastinum
-ends to thoracic/lymphatic duct
✔✔submental lymph nodes - ✔✔2-3 located below the chin
-root area= lower lip, gums, chin, tip of tongue
-drains via cervical LN
✔✔submandibular LN - ✔✔5-8 located in submandible glands
-root area= drains from medial eyelid, external cheeks, lips, teeth, gums, tongue, floor of
mouth
-drains to cervical LN
, ✔✔periauricular LN - ✔✔also called parotid; 2-4 in front of ear at parotid gland
-root area= drains from front of auricle, nasal root, lateral eye lids, parotid gland
-drains to deep cervical LN
✔✔retroauricular LN - ✔✔-also called mastoid; 1-2 located behind the ear
-root area= posterior auricle, neighboring scalp, ears
-drains to deep cervical LN
✔✔occipital LN - ✔✔-2-3 nodes at insertion of trap
-root area= kin on posterior head and base of neck
-drains to deep cervical LN
✔✔cervical LN - ✔✔in SCM region near jaw area along internal jugular vein and
supraclavicular fossa
-root area= ear, parotid gland, jaw angle, neck, back of head, tonsils
-drains to- deep cervical LN and jugular trunk
✔✔axillary LN - ✔✔26-30 nodes in arm pit grouped around large vessels\
-root area= UE, upper trunk, mammary glands
-drains tp- deep axillary LN, infra/supra clavicular, and subclavian
✔✔pectoral LN - ✔✔next to pec muscle in area of 3rd serratus
-root area= mammary glands
drains via deep axillary LN
✔✔cubital LN - ✔✔located in cubital fossa
-root area= under kin of forearm, bones, muscle, and tissue of hand/arm
-drains to deep axillary LN
✔✔lumbar LN - ✔✔-root area= testes/ovaries, uterus, kidneys, adrenal glands
-drain via lumbar trunk
✔✔iliac LN - ✔✔-located at pelvis
-lymph from inguinal nodes, bladder, prostate, uterus, upper vagina
-drain via lumbar trunk
✔✔superficial inguinal LN - ✔✔-10 prefascial at groin
-root area= trunk wall below naval line, lumbar/glute region, external genitalia, LEs
drain via deep inguinal LN
✔✔popliteal LN - ✔✔located in pop fossa
-root area= skin and deep parts of lower leg
drain via deep inguinal
✔✔what makes up the lateral pathway of head - ✔✔accessory and supraclavicular
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔main function of lymphatic system - ✔✔-collect and transport tissue fluids from
the intercellular spaces in all the tissues of the body back to
the venous system (fluid homeostasis).
-absorbs and transports fatty acids as chyle from the digestive system,
- immune response. Lymph
nodes and other lymphatic organs filter the lymph to remove
microorganisms and other foreign particles.
✔✔primary lymph organs - ✔✔bone marrow and thymus
-Bone marrow-production of T lymphocytes and the creation and maturation of B
lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes immediately join the circulatory
system and travel to secondary lymphoid organs
- T lymphocytes travel from the bone marrow to the thymus,
where they develop further.
✔✔secondary lymph organs - ✔✔thymus, lymph
nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and mucosa-
associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
-where immune response is initiated
✔✔embryonic development - ✔✔-starts at 5 weeks gestational
-primitive lymph system develops 2nd month
-two unpaired, the retroperitoneal and the cisterna chyli.
✔✔lymph collectors react to increased lymph via increasing contractions due to___ -
✔✔lymph safety valve factor
✔✔lymph is made of - ✔✔proteins, fat, debri, water, cells/partiles (WBC) (net
ultrafiltate,)
✔✔lymphatic watersheds - ✔✔- seperate territories/root areas
-sagital (median), horizontal, spine of scap, clavicular, chaps
✔✔intraterritorial lympho-lymphatic
anastomoses - ✔✔Connections between lymph collectors belonging to the
same territory
✔✔lymphatic trunk characteristics - ✔✔-same as collectors with more smooth muscle in
media
-gets lymph from collectors and sends to nodes
-innervated by sympathetic NS
,✔✔superficial collectors - ✔✔located in subcutaneous fat; drains skin and subcutis, runs
parallel to watersheds
✔✔deep collectors - ✔✔-located subfascially
-run along deep arteries and veins
-drain muscle, joints, and ligaments
✔✔collectors on the trunk originate: - ✔✔at watersheds
✔✔lumbar trunk - ✔✔L/R recieve from from inguinal and transport to cisterna chyli
-drain LE, LB qaudrants, external genitalia
✔✔GI trunk - ✔✔-drains from intestines, stomach (digestive), live, pancreas
-drains to cisterna chyli
✔✔thoracic duct - ✔✔-Drains 75% of body= BLE, lower quadrants, L thorax, LUE
✔✔R lymphatic duct - ✔✔-receives from from internal jugular, subclavian,
supreclavicular and parastinal nodes
-sends into circulatory system
✔✔cisterna chlyi - ✔✔-originates T11-L2 in abdomen, perforates diaphragm and goes
to venous angles
-sac like reservoirs (develops from periauricular in embryo?)
✔✔Jugular trunk - ✔✔formed by efferent lymph vessels from internal jugular node
-filter head and neck through cervical LN-> lymphatic/thoracic duct
✔✔supraclavicular trunk - ✔✔efferent from supraclavicular nodes
-drains head, neck, shoulder, mammary glands
✔✔Broncho-mediastinal - ✔✔-drains bronchi, lungs, mediastinum
-ends to thoracic/lymphatic duct
✔✔submental lymph nodes - ✔✔2-3 located below the chin
-root area= lower lip, gums, chin, tip of tongue
-drains via cervical LN
✔✔submandibular LN - ✔✔5-8 located in submandible glands
-root area= drains from medial eyelid, external cheeks, lips, teeth, gums, tongue, floor of
mouth
-drains to cervical LN
, ✔✔periauricular LN - ✔✔also called parotid; 2-4 in front of ear at parotid gland
-root area= drains from front of auricle, nasal root, lateral eye lids, parotid gland
-drains to deep cervical LN
✔✔retroauricular LN - ✔✔-also called mastoid; 1-2 located behind the ear
-root area= posterior auricle, neighboring scalp, ears
-drains to deep cervical LN
✔✔occipital LN - ✔✔-2-3 nodes at insertion of trap
-root area= kin on posterior head and base of neck
-drains to deep cervical LN
✔✔cervical LN - ✔✔in SCM region near jaw area along internal jugular vein and
supraclavicular fossa
-root area= ear, parotid gland, jaw angle, neck, back of head, tonsils
-drains to- deep cervical LN and jugular trunk
✔✔axillary LN - ✔✔26-30 nodes in arm pit grouped around large vessels\
-root area= UE, upper trunk, mammary glands
-drains tp- deep axillary LN, infra/supra clavicular, and subclavian
✔✔pectoral LN - ✔✔next to pec muscle in area of 3rd serratus
-root area= mammary glands
drains via deep axillary LN
✔✔cubital LN - ✔✔located in cubital fossa
-root area= under kin of forearm, bones, muscle, and tissue of hand/arm
-drains to deep axillary LN
✔✔lumbar LN - ✔✔-root area= testes/ovaries, uterus, kidneys, adrenal glands
-drain via lumbar trunk
✔✔iliac LN - ✔✔-located at pelvis
-lymph from inguinal nodes, bladder, prostate, uterus, upper vagina
-drain via lumbar trunk
✔✔superficial inguinal LN - ✔✔-10 prefascial at groin
-root area= trunk wall below naval line, lumbar/glute region, external genitalia, LEs
drain via deep inguinal LN
✔✔popliteal LN - ✔✔located in pop fossa
-root area= skin and deep parts of lower leg
drain via deep inguinal
✔✔what makes up the lateral pathway of head - ✔✔accessory and supraclavicular
