D278 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Three basic instruction types - Input, process, output
Computational thinking - Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem (aka
algorithm)
Algorithm - A sequence of instructions that solves a problem
Flowchart - A graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs
Coral Code Language - A language intended for learning to program
Two versions: flowchart and code
Looks like pseudocode, but follows rules that allow execution
Program - A list of statements
Each statement is carrying out some action and executing one at a time
String literal - consists of text (characters) within double quotes
Ex: "Go #57!".
Cursor - Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the next output
The system automatically moves the cursor after the previous output item
Newline - \n
Special sequence who appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the
next output line
Exists visibly in the output
Comment - // this is an example of a comment
Text a programmer adds to a program to be read by humans but ignored by a program when
executing
, Use // before the comment
Includes the entire line of text.
White space - Refers to blank spaces between items within a statement and to newlines
Improves readability
Ignored in execution
Moore's Law - Observation that switch sizes reduce by half every two years
Bit - A single unit of binary consisting of only one place whose value can be 0 or 1.
Byte - 8 bits
ASCII - A popular code for characters
Pseudocode - Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is
simplified to aid human understanding.
Variable - A named item used to hold a value
Assignment statement - Assigns a variable with a value; and keeps that value during
subsequent statement until X is assigned again.
Assignment's left side must be a variable (ex. x=5)
Variable declaration - Declares a new variable, specifying the variables name and type
Integer variable type - Can hold whole number values
Expression - A combination of items like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses
that evaluate to a value
Ex.) y=2*(x+1)
Identifier - A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function
Must be a sequence of letters, underscores, and digits
Must start with a letter
Three basic instruction types - Input, process, output
Computational thinking - Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem (aka
algorithm)
Algorithm - A sequence of instructions that solves a problem
Flowchart - A graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs
Coral Code Language - A language intended for learning to program
Two versions: flowchart and code
Looks like pseudocode, but follows rules that allow execution
Program - A list of statements
Each statement is carrying out some action and executing one at a time
String literal - consists of text (characters) within double quotes
Ex: "Go #57!".
Cursor - Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the next output
The system automatically moves the cursor after the previous output item
Newline - \n
Special sequence who appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the
next output line
Exists visibly in the output
Comment - // this is an example of a comment
Text a programmer adds to a program to be read by humans but ignored by a program when
executing
, Use // before the comment
Includes the entire line of text.
White space - Refers to blank spaces between items within a statement and to newlines
Improves readability
Ignored in execution
Moore's Law - Observation that switch sizes reduce by half every two years
Bit - A single unit of binary consisting of only one place whose value can be 0 or 1.
Byte - 8 bits
ASCII - A popular code for characters
Pseudocode - Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is
simplified to aid human understanding.
Variable - A named item used to hold a value
Assignment statement - Assigns a variable with a value; and keeps that value during
subsequent statement until X is assigned again.
Assignment's left side must be a variable (ex. x=5)
Variable declaration - Declares a new variable, specifying the variables name and type
Integer variable type - Can hold whole number values
Expression - A combination of items like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses
that evaluate to a value
Ex.) y=2*(x+1)
Identifier - A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function
Must be a sequence of letters, underscores, and digits
Must start with a letter
