NU 673 MIDTERM EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
1.This nconsists nof naggregations nof nneuro- nnal ncell nbodies. nIt nrims nthe
nsurfaces nof nthe ncerebral nhemispheres, nforming nthe ncerebral ncortex
A. Gray nmatter
B. White nmatter: nA. nGray nmatter
- Deep nin nthe nbrain nlie nadditional nclusters nof ngray nmatter n(Fig. n17-
2). nThese ninclude nthe nbasal nganglia, nwhich naffect nmovement, nand
nthe nthalamus nand nthe nhypothala- nmus nstructures nin nthe
ndiencephalon. nThe nthalamus nprocesses nsensory nimpulses nand nrelays
nthem nto nthe ncerebral ncortex. nThe nhypothalamus nmaintains
nhomeostasis n(Bickley)
- and nregulates ntemperature, nheart nrate, nand nblood npressure. nThe
nhypothalamus naffects nthe nendocrine nsystem nand ngoverns nemotional
nbehaviors nsuch nas nanger nand nsexual ndrive. nHormones nsecreted nin
nthe nhypothalamus nact ndirectly non nthe npitu- nitary ngland. n(Bickley)
Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
1 n/
n90
,nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
2.This nconsists nof nneuronal naxons nthat nare ncoated nwith nmyelin. nThe
nmyelin nsheaths, nwhich ncreate nthe nwhite ncolor, nallow nnerve nimpulses
nto ntravel nmore nrapidly.
A. Gray nmatter
B. White nmatter: nB. nWhite nmatter
- nThe ninternal ncapsule nis na nwhite-matter nstructure nwhere nmyelinated
nfibers nconverge nfrom nall nparts nof nthe ncerebral ncortex nand ndescend
ninto nthe nbrainstem. nThe nbrainstem, nwhich nconnects nthe nupper npart
nof nthe nbrain nwith nthe nspinal ncord, nhas nthree nsec- ntions: nthe nmidbrain,
nthe npons, nand nthe nmedulla. n(Bickley)
Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
3.Consciousness nrelies non nthe ninteraction nbetween nintact ncerebral
nhemi- nspheres nand na nstructure nin nthe ndiencephalon nand nupper
nbrainstem
A. Reticular nactivating nsystem
B. Cerebellum: nA. nReticular nactivating nsystem
- Consciousness nrelies non nthe ninteraction nbetween nintact ncerebral
nhemispheres nand na nstructure nin nthe ndiencephalon nand nupper
nbrainstem, nthe nreticular nactivating n(arousal) nsystem.
- The ncerebellum, nwhich nlies nat nthe nbase nof nthe nbrain, ncoordinates nall
nmovement nand nhelps nmaintain nthe nbody nupright nin nspace. n(Bickley)
2 n/
n90
,Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
4.Determine nhow nmany nsegements nof nthe nff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral: nA. nCervical nC1-C8
B. nThoracic nT1-T12
C. nLumbar nL1-L5
D. nSacral nS1-S5
5.This nregulates nmuscle nmovements nand nresponse nto nthe nsensations nof
ntouch nand npain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic: nA. nSomatic
- nThe nperipheral nnervous nsystem n(PNS) nconsists nof nboth nCNs nand
nperiph- neral nnerves nthat nproject nto nthe nheart, nvisceral norgans, nskin,
nand nlimbs. nIt ncontrols nthe nsomatic nnervous nsystem, nwhich nregulates
nmuscle nmove- nments nand nresponse nto nthe nsensations nof ntouch nand
npain, nand nthe nautonomic nnervous nsystem nthat nconnects nto ninternal
norgans nand ngener- nates nautonomic nreflex nresponses. nThe nautonomic
nner- nvous nsystem nconsists nof nthe nsympathetic nnervous nsystem,
nwhich n"mobilizes norgans nand ntheir nfunctions nduring ntimes nof nstress
nand narousal, nand nthe npara- nsympathetic nnervous nsystem, nwhich
nconserves nenergy nand nresources nduring ntimes nof nrest nand
nrelaxation."5 n(Bickley)
Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
6.Determine nthe npairs nof nperipheral nnerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal: nA. nCervical- n8
B.Thoracic- n12
C. Lumbar- n5
D.Sacral- n5
E. Coccygeal- n1
- nThe nPNS nincludes nspinal nand nperipheral nnerves nthat ncarry nimpulses
3 n/
n90
, nto nand nfrom nthe ncord. nA ntotal nof n31 npairs nof nspinal nnerves nattach nto
nthe nspinal ncord: n8 ncervical, n12 nthoracic, n5 nlumbar, n5 nsacral, nand n1
ncoccygeal. nEach nnerve nhas nan nanterior n(ventral)
4 n/
n90
1.This nconsists nof naggregations nof nneuro- nnal ncell nbodies. nIt nrims nthe
nsurfaces nof nthe ncerebral nhemispheres, nforming nthe ncerebral ncortex
A. Gray nmatter
B. White nmatter: nA. nGray nmatter
- Deep nin nthe nbrain nlie nadditional nclusters nof ngray nmatter n(Fig. n17-
2). nThese ninclude nthe nbasal nganglia, nwhich naffect nmovement, nand
nthe nthalamus nand nthe nhypothala- nmus nstructures nin nthe
ndiencephalon. nThe nthalamus nprocesses nsensory nimpulses nand nrelays
nthem nto nthe ncerebral ncortex. nThe nhypothalamus nmaintains
nhomeostasis n(Bickley)
- and nregulates ntemperature, nheart nrate, nand nblood npressure. nThe
nhypothalamus naffects nthe nendocrine nsystem nand ngoverns nemotional
nbehaviors nsuch nas nanger nand nsexual ndrive. nHormones nsecreted nin
nthe nhypothalamus nact ndirectly non nthe npitu- nitary ngland. n(Bickley)
Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
1 n/
n90
,nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
2.This nconsists nof nneuronal naxons nthat nare ncoated nwith nmyelin. nThe
nmyelin nsheaths, nwhich ncreate nthe nwhite ncolor, nallow nnerve nimpulses
nto ntravel nmore nrapidly.
A. Gray nmatter
B. White nmatter: nB. nWhite nmatter
- nThe ninternal ncapsule nis na nwhite-matter nstructure nwhere nmyelinated
nfibers nconverge nfrom nall nparts nof nthe ncerebral ncortex nand ndescend
ninto nthe nbrainstem. nThe nbrainstem, nwhich nconnects nthe nupper npart
nof nthe nbrain nwith nthe nspinal ncord, nhas nthree nsec- ntions: nthe nmidbrain,
nthe npons, nand nthe nmedulla. n(Bickley)
Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
3.Consciousness nrelies non nthe ninteraction nbetween nintact ncerebral
nhemi- nspheres nand na nstructure nin nthe ndiencephalon nand nupper
nbrainstem
A. Reticular nactivating nsystem
B. Cerebellum: nA. nReticular nactivating nsystem
- Consciousness nrelies non nthe ninteraction nbetween nintact ncerebral
nhemispheres nand na nstructure nin nthe ndiencephalon nand nupper
nbrainstem, nthe nreticular nactivating n(arousal) nsystem.
- The ncerebellum, nwhich nlies nat nthe nbase nof nthe nbrain, ncoordinates nall
nmovement nand nhelps nmaintain nthe nbody nupright nin nspace. n(Bickley)
2 n/
n90
,Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
4.Determine nhow nmany nsegements nof nthe nff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral: nA. nCervical nC1-C8
B. nThoracic nT1-T12
C. nLumbar nL1-L5
D. nSacral nS1-S5
5.This nregulates nmuscle nmovements nand nresponse nto nthe nsensations nof
ntouch nand npain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic: nA. nSomatic
- nThe nperipheral nnervous nsystem n(PNS) nconsists nof nboth nCNs nand
nperiph- neral nnerves nthat nproject nto nthe nheart, nvisceral norgans, nskin,
nand nlimbs. nIt ncontrols nthe nsomatic nnervous nsystem, nwhich nregulates
nmuscle nmove- nments nand nresponse nto nthe nsensations nof ntouch nand
npain, nand nthe nautonomic nnervous nsystem nthat nconnects nto ninternal
norgans nand ngener- nates nautonomic nreflex nresponses. nThe nautonomic
nner- nvous nsystem nconsists nof nthe nsympathetic nnervous nsystem,
nwhich n"mobilizes norgans nand ntheir nfunctions nduring ntimes nof nstress
nand narousal, nand nthe npara- nsympathetic nnervous nsystem, nwhich
nconserves nenergy nand nresources nduring ntimes nof nrest nand
nrelaxation."5 n(Bickley)
Bickley, nLynn nS. nBates' nGuide nto nPhysical nExamination nand nHistory
nTaking, n12th nEdition. nWolters nKluwer nHealth, n20160620. nVitalBook nfile
6.Determine nthe npairs nof nperipheral nnerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal: nA. nCervical- n8
B.Thoracic- n12
C. Lumbar- n5
D.Sacral- n5
E. Coccygeal- n1
- nThe nPNS nincludes nspinal nand nperipheral nnerves nthat ncarry nimpulses
3 n/
n90
, nto nand nfrom nthe ncord. nA ntotal nof n31 npairs nof nspinal nnerves nattach nto
nthe nspinal ncord: n8 ncervical, n12 nthoracic, n5 nlumbar, n5 nsacral, nand n1
ncoccygeal. nEach nnerve nhas nan nanterior n(ventral)
4 n/
n90
